How to Measure Joint ROM With a Goniometer
A goniometer is a device that measures angles or allows an object to rotate to a specific position. One of its most common uses is measuring a patient's range-of-motion (ROM) for a particular joint. This measurement is used to determine the extent of a patient's joint injury and the expected speed of their recovery. This type of goniometer is a basic mechanical device that is easy to operate.
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Instructions
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A medical goniometer consists of two straight lengths of a stiff material joined by a round section with angle markings. One arm is stationary with respect to the central section and the other arm is movable. This will allow the precise measurement of a particular angle or the difference between two angles.
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Place the center of the goniometer over the fulcrum of the joint to be measured. The center of the goniometer is the center of the central circular section and is clearly indicated by a mark or hole. The joint's fulcrum is the point at which the joint moves, such as the elbow.
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Place the goniometer's stationary arm along the reference line for the angle. This is the line that will be considered to be an angle of 0 degrees and will depend on the specific joint and motion to be measured. In the case of the elbow, for example, the reference line will be the upper arm.
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Instruct the patient to move the joint to the maximum extent possible without pain. Line up the movable arm of the goniometer with the limb that moved during this action. In the case of the elbow, this would be the forearm. Ensure that the arms of the goniometer remain aligned with their respective limbs and record the measurement indicated on the central section of the goniometer.
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