How to Plant & Treat a Bonsai

Bonsai were first seen centuries ago in China, used in a practice of growing single-specimen trees in pots. This technique was considered to express the harmony between heaven and earth, man and nature. The term "bonsai" literally means "a plant in a tray." A bonsai can be one of many different species of plants or trees--as long as it is growing in a dish. Bonsai trees are dwarfed by pruning and restricting growth, formed to create an aesthetic shape and the illusion of age. Planting and treating a bonsai tree is similar to caring for any other plant, except for pruning and other maintenance.

Difficulty: Moderate

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

• Small tree
• Fertilizer
• Pruning and trimming scissors
• Container

1. Select a sapling or an already established bonsai tree from a bonsai grower, based on the location you wish to place the tree or the desired look you want to achieve. For temperate climate where trees will remain outdoors, try a juniper or a pine bonsai, either of which will grow in full sun. Maple or elm bonsai will grow well in an area that receives some late-afternoon shade. Tropical-climate varieties that do well as indoor bonsai include ficus and schefflera; these will thrive indoors, where they might receive less light but more constant warmth than outdoors.

2. Plant the tree in a pot or tray, if not already planted. Many bonsai tree sellers have a variety of bonsai, from young trees suited for beginners to older trees that an experienced grower can care for. Bonsai range in height based on their age, but usually do not exceed 12 inches tall, as their growth is limited by pruning and restricting root growth.

3. Water the tree early in the day and before the temperature drops in the evening. Water thoroughly every two to three days to ensure that the roots are well watered, but avoid overwatering. Keep the soil moist at all times, but not too dry or too wet.

4. Feed bonsai with fertilizer three to four weeks after it is repotted. Select fertilizer based on the type of tree, and only fertilize during periods of growth, usually during the summer months.

5. Prune and style the bonsai to maintain its shape. There are five basic styles of bonsai: formal upright, informal upright, semi cascade, cascade and windswept. Different styles are meant for different species of trees; in most cases, the species and the appearance of the tree will dictate the shape that it can take. Begin the process by pruning away any dead foliage or wood at the base of the plant. While pruning, emphasize parts of the plant that are most pleasing to the eye--such as interesting branch angles. Be patient and study the plant's shape and form while pruning.

Tips & Warnings

• Allow time between prunings for the tree to rest; pruning too often can damage the tree. Not all bonsai trees can be kept indoors; in fact, most bonsai do best when kept outdoors year-round to experience the seasonal changes.
• Inspect your bonsai tools after each use and keep them clean and sharp. Remove any sap or other residue with soapy water and dry completely before putting them away.

References

• Bonsai Tips
• Brussel's Care and FAQ