How to Install Septic Fields

Installing septic field lines to accommodate your septic system is not a complex project. It is, however, vital that each stage of the procedure be completed correctly, for the entire system to function properly. Be certain to carefully review your area's codes and regulations pertaining to septic systems before beginning.

Things You'll Need

• Distribution pipe (PVC)
• Distribution box
• Gravel
• Geotextile material
• Level
• Tape measure

Instructions

1. Perform a percolation test on your property to determine how quickly your property absorbs water. The perc test will need to be performed by a certified contractor. The results of the perc test, along with the number of bedrooms in your home, will be used to determine the amount of field line required.

2. Select the location of the field lines. Once you know how much field line you need, you will need to lay out the pattern for these lines. The area must be level, free of any large trees or shrubs and not subject to vehicle traffic. Local codes will also dictate the minimum distance the lines can be from any body of water such as a creek, well or pond.

3. Dig the trenches. You will want to keep the trenches a uniform length. If you are required to have 300 feet of field line you will want to have three 100-foot trenches or, less desirably, two 150-foot trenches. These trenches will be two feet deep by two feet wide and will converge on a central point in the direction of your septic tank.

4. Install the distribution box. Where your field lines converge you will install a concrete distribution box. This box will have a single inlet to connect to the septic tank. The box will have the needed number of outlet openings to feed each of the field lines. The distribution box must be level to make certain the water is dispersed equally to each of the field lines.

5. Fill each trench with approximately 12 inches of gravel. Atop this, place the distribution pipe, which is connected to the distribution box. Continue to fill the trench with gravel until the pipe is covered with two inches of gravel. Place a geotextile material over the top of the gravel and back fill the trenches with dirt. The geotextile material will help keep the dirt from easily penetrating the gravel or entering the pipe.

Tips & Warnings

• If you are doing the digging yourself, rent equipment to achieve uniform trench depth and width.

• Make certain you receive the proper permits at each stage of installation.

References

• EPA Guide to Septic Systems
• Homeowners Guide To Septic Systems