How to Treat Systemic Herpes

Blister-like herpes simplex eruptions on a male upper body

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) affects an estimated 45 million people in the United States. Since herpes is a virus, there is no cure, although HSV can be suppressed and managed. Primary genital herpes, the initial outbreak of HSV's signature blister-like rash, can be accompanied by more severe, systemic symptom. It may include a higher rate of complications. Recurrent episodes are milder and shorter.

Instructions

1. See a physician as soon as possible. Active-stage HSV is usually visible to the naked eye, but laboratory tests may be needed to rule out other infections. The most accurate method of diagnosis is a viral culture. Once the initial diagnosis has been made, laboratory tests are not required for subsequent outbreaks.

2. Ask a doctor to prescribe antiviral medications. Antiviral medications are used for all HSV outbreaks, whether primary or recurrent. Medications can shorten the duration of primary episodes by three to five days, and reduce systemic symptoms. Antiviral therapy should be started as early as possible after the onset of symptoms. Available medications include Acyclovir, Famciclovir and Valacyclovir. For patients with regular recurrences, prescriptions may include up to five refills.

3. Seek treatment for additional side effects, if any. Treatment of an HSV outbreak centers around antiviral medication. When systemic side effects occur--such as fever, headaches and muscle pain--additional symptomatic treatment can be prescribed. Treatment for secondary bacterial skin infections may be required. Pain relievers or topical anesthetic agents may be helpful for some patients.

4. Take special precautions during an outbreak. Keep the infected area clean and dry to prevent secondary infections. Try to avoid touching the sores. Wash hands after unavoidable contact. To prevent spreading HSV, avoid sexual contact from the time symptoms first appear until sores are completely healed.

5. 

   Ask a doctor if suppressive treatment with antiviral medications might be advised. Suppressive therapy often prevents recurrences in 70 percent of patients. Generally, suppressive therapy is recommended for patients with more than six active episodes per year or for those with severe recurrences.

Tips & Warnings

• Counseling can provide valuable support to HSV patients and their families. The psychological impact of the infection can often be substantial and cause anxiety that is out of proportion to the actual severity of the disease.

• Pregnant women should discuss genital herpes with their obstetrician. Acyclovir is reported to be effective during the last month of pregnancy to reduce the necessity of cesarean section birth in women with recurrent episodes. HIV-infected patients should discuss treatment of HSV with a medical professional. Higher doses of antiviral drugs may be recommended.

References

• Herpes.com
• Denver Health
• Illinois Department of Public Health

Resources

• American Social Health Association