How to Cut Gemstones
Gemstones are often cut into objects and jewelry for the aesthetic value they provide. Sawing, grinding, sanding, lapping, polishing, drilling and tumbling are all methods used for cutting gemstones. Although there are many types of gem cutting styles and ways to cut the stone, the basic process for shaping involves cutting by creating a continuous abrasion, using finer and finer granules of harder substances to shape the stone to its desired result. The following is the process for cutting a faceted gemstone.
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Instructions
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Choose a stone you wish to cut and a design you want cut into the stone. This can be based on color, clarity, type of stone or shape.
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Grind away the excess part of the stone to prepare it for attachment to the machine. Grinding is usually done using a silicon carbide or diamond impregnated wheel. A cooling lubricant is used--either water or oil--to clear away all the debris first and stop the stone from overheating. Silicon carbide or very coarse diamond grits are used to shape the stone on the wheel.
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The stone will be attached to a small peg on your machine, called a dop, using hot wax glue. It is essential to be very careful and specific about how you attach the gem to the dop, as the stone will be cut to this shape, with the dop in the center. You can warm the wax and adjust the stone if necessary.
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Cut and polish the stone in the angle degrees to suit your design.
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Cut and polish the crown in the shape to the desired design. At this point, the stone is ready to be polished and transferred to jewelry.
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Tips & Warnings
Research designs and map out the best process for following the design using your machine. Research process guides and tips for the best use and maintenance of your machine
Research your machine and read all safety procedures. Make sure your cutting station is in a clear area and away from children.
