How to Troubleshoot Microprocessors

A microprocessor enables a computer to operate software programs, from spreadsheet utilities to the latest video games. While it is generally considered the most reliable component of a computer, a microprocessor could be susceptible to mechanical failure as it gets older. If this happens, the computer could turn itself off at random times, or it may not load the operating system. Try these troubleshooting steps to test the microprocessor before replacing it entirely.

Things You'll Need

• Screwdriver

Instructions

1. Open the "Start" menu on the desktop, and choose the "Shut Down" option. Click on "Restart." Press the F2 key on the keyboard when the operating system's logo appears to bring up a new menu. Scroll down through the menu options until you see a string of letters and numbers separated by periods.

2. Write down the number, then hit the "ESC" key to restart the computer. Check the manual to find the model of processor in the computer. Open the web browser, and go the manufacturer's website. Find the model of the processor.

3. Check the current Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) version available for the processor, and compare it to the string of numbers you wrote down earlier. Click on the "Express BIOS Update" download link if the version listed on the site is newer than the one on the computer. Open the BIOS updater program, and follow the instructions on the screen. Check to see if the problem is still occurring, or if updating the BIOS resolved the issue.

4. Turn the computer off entirely. Remove all cables from their ports on the back of the case. Set the computer on its side, and remove the side panel by taking off the case screws, or pulling up on the metal latch if it has one. Locate the processor at the center of the motherboard.

5. See the manual for information about the processor's jumper settings. Compare the settings listed in the manual with the configuration of the jumpers located next to the processor. Move the jumpers into the correct configuration if they were not set as the manual described. Reassemble the computer, and reboot.

6. If the jumper settings already were correct, check the manual to see what type of socket the motherboard has. Buy a replacement processor that connects to the same type of socket (see Resources below). Unscrew the processor fan, and remove it. Take out the defective processor straight off the motherboard by pulling it directly upwards. Set the new processor down onto the socket, and reconnect the fan. Reassemble the computer and check to see if the problem is still occurring.

Tips & Warnings

• Touch your hand to a rounded metal object before opening the computer case to get rid of built-up electricity in your body. If you don't ground yourself before opening the computer's case, you could damage the internal components through electrostatic discharge.

References

• Troubleshooting Processors

Resources

• Intel Processor BIOS Updates
• AMD Processor BIOS Updates
• Replacement Microprocessors