How to Use Absolute References in Microsoft Excel
When you enter a formula into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, you will be referring to other cells. There are two ways to reference rows, columns, and cells in Excel. Relative referencing allows the row and column of the cell your formula references to change when it is copied or moved. The opposite of relative referencing is absolute referencing. If the cell with the formula is copied or moved, it will always reference the row and column of the same cell.
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Instructions
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Enter a value into the cell you want to keep constant.
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Select another cell in the Excel spreadsheet for the formula that will use the absolute reference.
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Enter the formula. Use the dollar sign ($) in front of the row reference to keep to keep the row absolute or in front column reference to keep it absolute. For instance, "$C$21" is an absolute reference for cell "C21," while "C$21" an absolute reference to row "21" but but a relative reference column "C."
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