How to Treat Frostbite

Frostbite, or congelatio, is a condition caused by extreme cold. Any body part can get frostbite but those affected are usually fingers, toes, noses, cheeks and ears. Basically, your body is trying to stay alive and it will decrease the blood flow from certain parts while increasing the blood flow to your vital organs.

Frostbitten skin is characterized by white, waxy skin that feels hard and numb. In more severe cases, the skin will be a blue-black color. In the most extreme cases, amputation is necessary.

Difficulty: Moderate

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

• A warm place
• Warm water
• Blanket
• Bandages
• Medical treatment

1. Get to a warm area as soon as possible.

2. Remove all wet clothing.

3. Immerse the frostbitten area in water that is about 100 degrees Fahrenheit for approximately 20 minutes. (This would be WARM water, not HOT.) If the area cannot be immersed, apply warm compresses to the area for approximately 20 minutes.
   
   DO NOT use direct heat, such as a heating pad, hot water bottle or fireplace. The risk of burning is great due to the lack of sensation.

4. If warm water is not available, gently wrap the area in a warm blanket.

5. Watch for signs of thawing. While the skin is rewarming, the patient will feel a severe burning sensation. The skin will probably turn purple, blue or red and there may be blistering. The skin is thawed when the skin has a pink hue and no longer numb.

6. Clean and dress the affected area with sterile bandages. Place the bandage between fingers and toes, being careful of any blisters.

7. Seek medical treatment right away!

Tips & Warnings

• Give the affected person aspirin or ibuprofen to lessen the pain.
• Do not thaw the area if there is a risk of refreezing as this can cause severe tissue damage.
• Do not rub or massage the area as this can cause more damage to the tissue.
• A person suffering from frostbite may likely also have hypothermia.

Resources

• Frostbite Survival Guide