How to Troubleshoot a Compressor

There seems to be a problem with your compressor, what do you do? Running out and buying a new one looks like a quick and easy fix. But you could save time and money if you troubleshoot the compressor to find out what's stopping it from operating normally. Routine maintenance, where you check each compressor part and make sure that it's working right, can help reduce future compressor breakdowns.

Instructions

1. Troubleshoot line voltage if the compressor isn't running; look at its contact with the motor and starter. Check electricity supply or replace electricity lines to get it running again. Check its oil if you see oil in the compressor's discharge. Review the inlet for cleaning, and examine the filter for replacement needs. Check the oil level to make sure that it is at the right height. Make sure that the piston rings are properly positioned and in good shape. Check for scratched parts in areas that come into contact with the oil.

2. Tighten the compressor's belt or reduce the motor shaft's "end play" if the compressor knocks or rattles. Make sure that the valves are cleaned if they're leaking; replace them if they're worn. Troubleshoot the pistons, clean them if they have carbon buildup, or replace them if they're broken. Inspect the ball bearings, replace them if necessary.

3. Troubleshoot the compressor's piston rings if there's a gas reduction. Replace them if they're worn or broken, or clean and adjust them if they're in good condition. Inspect the cylinders for scratches, damage, overuse or need for replacement. Check the compressor's inlet and discharge filter if you notice pressure reduction in its vents. Clean the inlet or replace the filter to restore pressure.

4. Check for gas leaks if your compressor is starting or stopping a lot. Review the compressor's internal and external piping as well as their tubes. Make sure the pressure switch is set to the right differential. Fix your compressor's drain valve, or get a new one. Check your ventilation if your compressor is too hot; move the compressor where there's plenty of ventilation. Troubleshoot its V-belt to make sure that it has the right tension.

5. Look at your compressor's motor terminals if its lights show signs of going out. Check the line voltage, and change it, to see if the lights go back to normal. Replace the starter heaters; dimming lights may indicate a weakening starter. Call your power company if troubleshooting the voltage indicates no problems, but the lights are still dimming.

Resources

• ABAC Technical Support.
• Basics when checking your compressor for problems.
• P.C. McKenzie Company on Compressor Problems.