Preparing for a Hike Using a Topographical Map

A topographical map is especially helpful on hikes, because it tells how steep trails are and gives an idea how long the hike will take. For example, a 1-mile hike on a strenuously uphill trail can take three times longer than a 1-mile hike on flat ground. Below are some pointers on how to plan, prepare and execute a hike using a topographical map as a guide.

Difficulty: Moderate

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

• Compass

1. Pick a destination with some familiarity. Buy a detailed topographic map of an area that either you or someone you will be going with has hiked to before.

2. Study the guides on the topographic map. Most will have contour lines that denote 40 feet per line. The closer together the lines are, the steeper the trail is.

3. Look for topographic circles on your map. These will likely be small and will be surrounded by other topographic lines. The circle means that area is a peak. Look for a number near or in the middle of the circle--this is the elevation. Peaks will often provide the best chance for a scenic view.

4. Remember the 2-to-1 rule. On average, a hiker can cover 2 miles per hour. A hiker going down grades of more than 5 percent will likely go faster, while a hiker going up will likely go slower. For every 1,000 feet of elevation gain, add 1 hour of hiking time.

5. Plan to be back at your vehicle or a camping spot at least 1 hour before sunset. After planning your trip, 2 miles per hour and 1 extra hour per 1,000 feet of elevation gain, allow an extra hour to drink water, check the map or just enjoy your surroundings.

Tips & Warnings

• Always hike with a buddy, or hike in an area you are familiar with. Talk to others who have been on the trail recently, like a park ranger. Trails can close or change in condition depending on the weather, so never assume the trail is going to be as it was the last time you hiked. Carry at least 1 qt. of water (32 oz.) per person for every 2 hours you plan to hike. Do not drink water on the trail without treating it first.
• Check the weather forecast before you plan any hike. Check the dates on topographic maps. If the map is dated before1976, it is likely not the most recent one for the destination and therefore should not be trusted exclusively. Stay on the marked trail, even if hiking off the trail looks like a shorter route. One can erode and damage trails permanently by "switch-backing," or trying to take a short cut to a destination by hiking off the marked trail. It is also much easier to get lost and much more difficult for rescuers to find a switch-backer.

Resources

• Hiking in the Appalachian Mountains

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