How to Use a Comma in a List

Commas are used in many ways. One of the most common usages is to separate items in a list. Unfortunately, many of us have forgotten the rules for using commas in lists. Here's a reminder.

Difficulty:

Moderately Easy

Instructions

1. Use commas when writing a list of at least three items in a sentence. Place a comma after each item in the list, unless you are using the word "and" to conjoin the final two items. For example: "She likes chocolate, vanilla, strawberry and pistachio ice cream."

2. Use commas when writing a list of items in an academic paper. Place a comma after each item in the list, including before the word "and." For example: "Germany annexed Austria, Poland, and the Netherlands."

3. Remember that any type of word can considered an item on a list. Nouns, verbs and adjectives all need commas when you use three or more.For example: "Delicately, gracefully and joyfully, the ballerina twirled onto the stage."

4. Include a comma after each independent clause you list in a sentence. (An independent clause contains a subject and a verb and could stand on its own as a sentence, as it expresses a complete thought.)For example: "She liked asparagus, but not enough to eat it daily."

5. Switch to a semicolon when your list includes multi-word items, especially if those items include commas.For example: "The people who are coming are the governor, Lucy Smith; her husband, Tom Green; and the judge, Bill Thompson."

Tips & Warnings

• When you are unsure, ask. Check the Resources, below, for sites to help you with grammar.

• Review only reputable sources when looking for comma help.

Resources

• Read this Article in Spanish
• Comma Rules
• More Comma Rules