How to Use Light as Symbol in Black and White Photography

Light is the most important symbol in black and white photography. In fact, it is light that is photographed--the play of light in its continuum from black to white. The four main functions of light--illumination, symbol, mood and design--allow the photographer to control a subject and to communicate her vision to viewers. The photographer can utilize light from five directions to create mood and artistic form. Some lighting is best to avoid except for specific creative purposes.

Instructions

1. 

   Measure the strength of illumination as its intensity varies from light to dark. The brighter the light, the harsher and more matter-of-fact your subject will appear. Dim light is vague, restful and suggests mood.

2. 

   Control contrast and depth with direction. You must distinguish between light from five directions. Front light strikes the subject from the general direction of the camera and is best suited for accurate color renditions. Side light radiates to one side of a subject, but always is more from the front than the back. Side lighting suggests three-dimensionality and creates consistently good, but not spectacular, effects.

3. 

   Throw shadows toward the camera with backlight that is more or less behind the subject. Backlight creates high subject contrast. Caution is needed. There is danger of flare and halation from the light source. Light may shine directly onto the lens or possibly create excessive contrast that results in overexposure and under exposure in the same picture.

4. 

   Use judgment regarding top light. Light at high noon or any light generally above the subject is less photogenic. Vertical surfaces are less illuminated. Shadows are too small and poorly placed for good depth symbolizing.

5. 

   Produce light from below with photo lamps. Light from below normally does not occur in nature, but creates an unnatural theatrical effect. Because the effect is startling, it invites misuse of novelty for novelty's sake.

Resources

• http://www.cnet.com.au/digitalcameras/cameras/0,239036184,240064107,00.htm
• Black And White Photography: Open Your Eyes To A Different Reality
• Tips for Black and White Photography