How to Care for Bonsai Trees

While most people think of small, elegantly shaped trees when they hear the term "bonsai," the word translates as "tray growing." There are many types of plants and flowers that can be grown as bonsai, from azaleas and ficus to elm trees and even fruit trees. While each bonsai might need their own specialized care, there are some things that you can do regardless of your type of bonsai to make sure your miniature tree has a long and fruitful life.

Difficulty: Challenging

Instructions

1. Read up on bonsai care and history. The legacy of the bonsai is one that is centuries old, an integral part of Eastern culture. Getting a background on different types and styles of bonsai will give you a better understanding of the art when you try it for yourself. Also, you'll know just what look you're aiming for before you start pruning and shaping.

2. Know what a bonsai will need. Like full-sized plants and trees, a bonsai will have specific light, moisture, humidity and temperature requirements. Knowing what these are even before you buy a plant, will help you choose one that will be right for your home. You will also need to make sure you know what season to prune your bonsai.

3. Prune a bonsai during the correct season. This is one of the most crucial aspects of successfully cultivating a bonsai tree. Too much pruning can permanently damage the tree, while not enough pruning can be just as bad. Pruning means cutting back not only the branches above the container, but the roots below the soil as well. Ideally, growth should occur at the same rate below and above ground.

4. Repot the bonsai. This will need to be done every two years or so and is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the tree. The new pot should have a similar shape to the old one, to help make the transition easy. Make sure the new pot has an adequate drainage system; this is crucial when there is little room for water to drain. Standing water can rot roots.

5. Make sure you remove any clippings from the tree after pruning. Once the plant material begins to decay and seep into the roots, this can be damaging for the tree.

6. Keep an eye on the bonsai for signs of pests and diseases. These should be dealt with as quickly as possible, for they can kill if left untreated.

Tips & Warnings

• Know ahead of time what kind of look you're going for. Don't just prune at random; look through different examples of bonsai and see what you like.
• Always know the specific requirements of the plant you're turning into a bonsai.