How to Consolidate CSS Rules

If you're just learning CSS, you may be a victim of a common CSS newbie mistake--writing essentially the same rule over and over again for different selectors. This article will show you how to consolidate similar CSS rules.

Things You'll Need

• A text editor or CSS editor

Instructions

1. When you begin a stylesheet you may create a rule for each HTML element as you add it to a page or decide you want to style it. This can lead to style rules that essentially repeat the same thing again and again. For example:

   h1 {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
   h2 {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
   p {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
   li {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}

2. In the case of the example in Step 1, the simplest way to consolidate the font-family rules is to use the body selector like this:

   body {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}

   Now everything will be the font-family you want (unless you specify otherwise for certain elements).

3. Another common CSS declaration that gets repeated often is about color. For example:

   h1 {color: #333;}
   h2 {color: #333;}
   h3 {color: #333;}
   h4 {color: #333;}

4. The way to consolidate rules like the previous example is to use a comma separated list of selectors, like this:

   h1, h2, h3, h4 {color: #333;}

5. 

   Sometimes, too much CSS gets added to the HTML code. The image gives an example.

6. 

   In the example in Step 5, the solution is to move the class designation to a higher level in the HTML. Using the list example, that could be the main list tag itself, as in the image.

7. Another way to consolidate is with descendant selectors. For example, instead of applying a class called "bodytext" to every paragraph in the section of your page that you consider the main body, use a descendant selector. Suppose the main body section of your page is a div called "content." In the style sheet, write a rule for:
   #content p {some rule}
   and it will automatically be added to every paragraph that you want to be a certain style of "bodytext."