Things You'll Need:
- Printers
- Typewriters
- Notebook Papers
- Computers
- Word Processors
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Step 1
When you make a reference to a research source, write the name of the author and the page number the reference is taken from in parentheses, making a "parenthetical citation."
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Step 2
Include the citation at the end of the sentence before the period, if the reference occurs within a sentence.
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Step 3
Place the citation at the end of the quoted text after the last period, if you wish to cite more than four lines of text.
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Step 4
Write only the relevant page number in the parentheses, if the name of the author of the source you're citing appears in the text.
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Step 5
Write full citations for your sources on a separate page at the end of your paper. This page should be titled "Works Cited" or "Reference List." A full citation should include the author's name, the date of publication, the title of the work, the place of publication and the name of the publisher.
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Step 1
When you make a reference to a research source in your text, place a superscript numeral (a number placed a bit above the line you're typing on) at the end of the sentence the reference is made in.
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Step 2
Write a corresponding footnote or endnote with the same number for each superscript numeral that you make.
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Step 3
Place footnotes at the bottom of the page the reference is made on. Single-space the lines of the footnote. Double-space between footnotes if more than one occurs on a page.
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Step 4
Place endnotes on a separate page at the end of your paper. Double-space between endnotes.
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Step 5
Write a full citation the first time you refer to a source, listing all its bibliographic information in your footnote/endnote: author, title, publisher, place of publication, date of publication and the page numbers cited.
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Step 6
Abbreviate the footnote/endnote for subsequent references by writing only the author's name and citing the page number.
Comments
Anonymous said
on 11/22/2005 If in doubt, just ask your professor (after class, during office hours, or via email if you're shy). Many professors and departments have preferred citation styles and you can lose points off your grade if you don't follow them. It only takes a few minutes and then you can be sure you're using the right method. Some professors will even have a handout available or can point you to the proper department on campus to teach you more if you need help.
It's also worth buying an abridged style manual for under $15 so that you have proper information on hand while you write.
Learn how your word-processing program works. Many include automated systems for numbering, organizing, and formatting footnotes and other elements.
Finally, rules of thumb: MLA for most liberal arts (a few, like history, prefer Chicago); APA for most scientific disciplines (including psychology and linguistics).
Anonymous said
on 11/22/2005 An annotated bibliography can be made by writing a brief summary of what parts of a source will be used as well as relevant credentials of the author and the author's thesis concerning the subject matter.
Anonymous said
on 11/22/2005 If you don't know which form to use, it's best to use the MLA form for a short paper. If you're writing a thesis, or a really long term paper, you should stick to endnotes and footnotes - it may be clearer to the reader.
Anonymous said
on 11/22/2005 Footnotes are great for papers with unfamiliar terms (it works like a mini glossary). Endnotes are great to reserve for citations of sources and texts. This way, the reader does not have to wonder what the term is or hunt down the meaning.