How to Build a Hologram
A hologram is a 3-dimensional picture created by using a laser light to produce a pattern on holographic film. The light is split by an object, usually a mirror, into two separate beams. One beam is directly recorded onto the film and the other is scattered onto the film from the reflection off of the object. Where the beams of light meet is called the fringes and that causes the pattern on the film. After the film is developed, it is placed back in the original position and lit up with the laser light to view the completed hologram. Does this Spark an idea?
Things You'll Need
- An object, something small, preferably white
- Clothespins used to secure equipment
- Sugar or Sand used to secure equipment
- A red laser helium-neon lasers are recommended but a laser pointer may be suitable for a basic hologram
- Lenses holography uses lenses to spread the beam of light out over the film
- Book used as a shutter
- Holographic film holographic film has a very fine grain to capture the minute changes in light
Instructions
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On the first attempt the subject of the hologram should be something fairly small and white. Place the object on a tray of sand or a mouse pad, which will help dampen the vibrations.
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Clip your laser into a clothespin and put it in a cup of sugar or sand approximately 30 cm away from the subject.
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Clip the lens to another clothespin and secure it in the sugar or sand so the laser light will shine through to broaden the light.
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Adjust the laser until the subject is fully lit.
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Turn off all lights except your safelight.
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Place the book between the subject and the laser so it is completely blocked from the light. (The book is used like a shutter on a camera.)
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Place the holographic film against the object and wait 20 seconds to let the vibrations settle.
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Lift the book about a half inch off the table to let the vibrations settle but do not let any part of the light reach the film during that time.
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Lift the book to fully expose the subject to the holographic film for approximately 10 second and replace the book blocking the light.
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Process the film per the instructions that came with it and let dry.
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When fully dried, you may view the hologram by putting the film in the original spot and shine a light through it.
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Tips & Warnings
The room needs to be very dark. A photographic darkroom would work very well, but if that is not available just make the room as dark as possible. A safelight may be used, similar to a night light but does not affect the film. Safelights are made especially for holography and come in blue or green.
The work area will need to be designed to keep the equipment absolutely still. Any vibration can affect the outcome of the hologram. Professional labs have specially designed tables to reduce vibrations, but since most of us do not have that readily available, we can use cups of sand or sugar to support the pieces of equipment. This arrangement will not be as steady, so be careful when moving objects.
Be sure there are no drafts in your work area.
