How to Write Footnotes in MLA Style

By Angela Eward-mangione

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Many students or scholars in the fields of art, dance, english, history, music, religion, theater and theology use footnotes as one way to document sources. The most common methods used to notate sources are endnotes and footnotes. Endnotes, as their title suggests, are placed at the end of the document, on a new page. Footnotes, however, appear at the bottoms of pages.

Instructions

Difficulty: Moderate

Things You’ll Need:

  • The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers by Joseph Gibaldi (always get the latest edition)
  • Word software (from Microsoft Office)

Learn how to Insert a Footnote

Step1
Review the word-processing program you currently utilize to learn how to insert footnotes. You must first concern yourself with how to initiate the text of a footnote before you can actually write the footnote. The insertion process may differ according to what software you use and what version you have. Most versions of Word (from Microsoft Office) simply require you to: place your cursor right after the text to which you want to add a footnote; guide your cursor to the top of the screen and click on “Insert”; select “Reference” from the drop-down menu box; and then select “Footnotes.” A menu box will now appear. Click on “Help” if you experience any problems.
Step2
Elect to place your footnote at the bottom of the page. This conforms to MLA (Modern Language Association) standards. Customarily, the menu box is pre-programmed with placement for the bottom of the page, as well as the standard "1, 2, 3… " numbering format. Do not change any of this. According to MLA standards, your footnotes should be inserted at the bottom of the page.
Step3
Click “Ok.” Your cursor will then automatically take you to the bottom of the page. You will notice a line above the footnote that you just created. Your cursor will also be next to a “1.” The “1” is there because you have just created your first footnote.

Compose Your Footnote, According to the MLA Style

Step1
Review the MLA style for the type of source to which you need to add a footnote. A myriad of possibilities exists: Books by Single Authors, Anthologies or Compilations, Books by Two or More Authors, A Work in an Anthology, An Article in a Reference Book, An Anonymous Book, A Translation, a Multivolume Work, A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition, A Book in a Series, A Republished Book, A Government Publication, An Unpublished Dissertation, A Published Dissertation and more. Stylistically, the format for each of those sources may differ. Consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (the latest edition) by Joseph Gibaldi, to verify how you should structure your particular footnote. You can find this online or have a local bookstore order it.
Step2
Type the footnote, according to the MLA style for the type of publication you are referencing. Many of your footnotes will reference books by a single author. These footnotes are composed as follows: Author First and Last Name, Title of Book (City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number (s) Referenced in Text.
Step3
Review the footnote for accuracy. Double-check the information. You can never be too careful when citing an academic source. Check the spelling of the author’s name, the book (or anthology or dissertation) title, the city of publication, the year of publication and the page numbers.

Check Final Formatting

Step1
Scan and check the visual layout of your final footnote. If your footnote continued onto the following page, you should add a solid line across the new page, located two lines (one double space) below the last line of the text, and continue the note two lines below the solid line.
Step2
Make sure that the footnotes on the new page automatically followed the note continued from the previous page, after the double space.
Step3
Double-check the content and structure of your footnote one last time. Make sure to check both the text and the visual layout. You have now written a footnote in MLA style!

Tips & Warnings

  • Always use the "Help" option in your software if you get confused. Type in "Footnotes." Help should appear!
  • If you feel unsure of your MLA-style footnotes, check with your professor.

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eHow Article: How to Write Footnotes in MLA Style

Article By: Angela Eward-mangione

Angela Eward-mangione

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Category: Arts & Entertainment

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