How to Zap PRAM on a MAC

If you're not a Macintosh user, you probably have no idea what I'm talking about. If you have a Mac, then maybe you do. Apple computers have a small amount of RAM that stores basic setup information about the computer; it's called parameter RAM, or (go on, guess...) PRAM. Settings for the mouse, keyboard, startup, etc. are stored in PRAM. If PRAM gets corrupted, your Apple computer can crash or freeze. The simple steps to reset or Zap your Pram can resolve many problems on a Mac. Here's how to do it.

Difficulty: Easy

Instructions

1. Locate the following keys on your keyboard: COMMAND, OPTION, 'P', and 'R'. You will need to hold these keys down simultaneously in the next step.

2. Restart your Macintosh and hold the COMMAND-OPTION-'P'-'R' key combination. You must be pressing this key combination before you get to the 'Welcome to Macintosh' screen.

3. You will hear the startup chime. Continue holding the keys down until you have heard three chimes.

4. Your computer's PRAM will be reset to the default values.

5. You may lose some of your customized settings. Use the Control Panels to restore them to your liking.

Resources

• Apple information page on PRAM
• Professional Research Service for additional technical assistance