How to Use Greek Tragedy to Inspire ESL Students to Write

By acohen843

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People say books can inspire, can change your world! Can they inspire my ESL students to write? This lesson explains how to use the play Antigone by Sophocles to inspire students to write.

Instructions

Difficulty: Moderate

Things You’ll Need:

  • The book "Antigone" by Sophicles
  • Here's the synopsis from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigone_%28Sophocles%29)

Step1
Ask your students, "What happens when someone breaks the law? Does everyone have to follow the law?"
Step2
Ask your students for examples of what happens when someone breaks a law. Stealing? Murder?, etc. Your goal is to lead the students to state that it is always wrong to break the law. There are no exceptions.
Step3
Teacher Review Notes: Here's a quick synopsis of the question that this play proposes. The following text is from Wikipedia.

"Antigone begins after both brothers have died in single combat, each apparently slain by the other's hand. The new king, Creon, the brother of their mother Jocasta, has issued a decree: since Polynices fought against Thebes and betrayed his motherland, his body will be exposed rather than buried, and will not be given proper funeral rites. Eteocles, meanwhile will be buried with full military honors.

In the opening scene, Antigone and Ismene, sisters of the dead brothers, discuss the proclamation. Antigone believes it to be against the will of the gods, which she describes as 'the unwritten and unfailing statutes of heaven.' For their life is not of today or yesterday, but from all time, and no man knows when they were first put forth" (ll. 454–7). She confides her plan to bury Polynices, but Ismene is more timid and refuses to take part, although she agrees with Antigone's motive."
Step4
Teacher Note: Jean Anouilh did his interpretation of the play during World War II. From Wikipedia,

"The play was first performed in Paris on February 6, 1944, not insignificantly during the Nazi occupation thereof. Produced under Nazi censorship, the play is purposefully ambiguous with regards to the rejection of authority (represented by Antigone and the acceptance of it (represented by Creon)). The parallels to the French Resistance and the Nazi occupation are clear, however."
Step5
Write a short synopsis of the play that relates to your students. Here's my version.

"Paul and Steven were brothers. Paul liked to help others. He worked at a community center. He helped immigrants fill out job applications, learn English, and helped them with the citizenship test.

Steven was the opposite of Paul. He did not like immigrants. He did not shop in stores where immigrants worked. He did not eat in restaurants where immigrants worked.

Paul called all of his friends. They decided to invite Steven and his friends to a meeting. Paul and his friends wanted to see if they could convince Steven and his friends to talk with the immigrants. Paul wanted his brother and his friends to like immigrants, not to hate immigrants.

They met. They fought. Both Paul and Steven were killed.

Everyone was sad when they saw Paul's and Steven's father cry for his two dead sons. People were so sad that they decided to help the father bury Paul. However, to make people think about hatred, the community decided to hang Steven's body on the town plaza. They did this as a reminder to think before you hate.

Paul and Steven had a sister. Her name was Lucy. At night when everyone was sleeping, she went to the town plaza and buried her brother Steven.

When the community learned that Lucy disobeyed their wishes they wanted to punish Lucy."
Step6
Have your students read the synopsis. You may want them to read it aloud so you can help them with their pronunciation.
Step7
Have the students write answers to the following questions (based on your rewritten synopsis).

1.Should the community punish Lucy?
2.Was Lucy correct to bury her brother?
3.How do you treat people who hate immigrants?

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