1. In criminal cases: A promise or contract to perform a specified act or pay a penalty for failure to perform, usually guaranteed by a surety who promises to pay if the principal defaults, or by deposit of money as a cash bond. Bond is basically the same as bail in criminal cases.
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2. In civil cases: A person who contracts to pay if another person defaults, a surety. The surety can then collect from the principal. Not the same as insurance.