How to Make Great Compost

Compost is an efficient way to utilize kitchen and yard waste.

Composting is a practical way to utilize yard and kitchen waste. Compost is also an excellent amendment to most soil types. It increases aeration in heavy soils, decreases water loss in sandy soils, and increases the amount of nutrients and microorganisms in most soil conditions. Either incorporate compost into the soil or apply it on top as a mulch. You can compost indoors, although some methods are more appropriate for outdoor use.

Difficulty:

Moderate

Instructions

Things You'll Need

• Garden spade
• Fertilizer
• Soil
• Compost materials

1. Determine which composting method is best for where you live and the type and amount of waste you have. As noted by the University of Illinois Extension, a compost bin is ideal if you have little space, need a minimal amount of compost and want a low-maintenance pile. Some compost methods, like holding units, take longer to decompose than others. Pit or trench composting is ideal if you have a large yard and don't need your compost in a hurry.

2. Place your compost pile in an accessible location that is close to a water supply, such as a hose. If your compost pile is situated outdoors, the University of Florida IFAS Extension recommends placing it in a shady location where it will be more comfortable to work in hot summer months.

3. Build your compost pile about 3 cubic feet. According to the University of Florida IFAS Extension, these are the ideal dimensions for composting units, regardless of the method you choose. The only exception to this rule is heap compost piles, which are bigger than most other piles. Heap piles should be no larger than 5 feet wide and 5 feet deep, with a maximum height of 3 feet.

4. Allow plenty of room on the sides of your compost pile for ventilation. Packing your compost pile too tightly will not allow adequate aeration, which is necessary for the decomposition process.

5. Shred large materials, such as coarse sticks, twigs and large leaves, so that they decompose faster.

6. Layer composting materials. The University of Missouri Extension recommends starting with an organic layer, followed by a second layer of fertilizer or manure. Follow these two layers with a level of soil or sod. Repeat these three layers until your compost is 3 feet high, or 5 feet for heaps.

7. Add water to your compost pile whenever you add another layer. You should add enough water to moisten the pile to a sponge-like consistency, but not so much that it is runny.

8. Turn your compost with a spade when the core reaches a temperature of 110 degrees Fahrenheit. In warmer temperatures, this may take as little as a week. In cooler seasons, it can take up to a month. When you turn your compost, move the materials in the center to the outside of the pile in order to encourage the decomposition process.

Tips & Warnings

• Use finished compost promptly for optimal nutrient quality.

References

• University of Illinois Extension: Composting Methods
• University of Florida IFAS Extension; Composting Tips for the Homeowner; Sydney Park Brown; 2009
• University of Missouri Extension; Making and Using Compost; Christopher J. Starbuck; 2010
• Oregon State University Extension; Keep Your Compost Pile Healthy; Bob Rost