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Step 1
Consider the four parts of a round: the pointed tip, which is the bullet; the case that holds the powder; the powder and the primer, which is the cap in the bottom of the case. Note that a round that contains powder is a "loaded round."
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Step 2
Examine the empty case of a large caliber round. Observe the powder inside the case. The tip fits into the top and the primer sits in the bottom of the case to get the feel for the ammunition.
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Step 3
Measure the base to find the caliber. Calculate the size in caliber, which is reported in fractions of an inch or millimeters.
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Step 4
Be aware of the cannelure, a small groove that rings the bullet and shows how far it must be set into the case. Rely on neck tension to hold a bullet that has no cannelure, which may result in it sitting too far forward.
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Step 5
Study the correct type of ammunition and powder for each firearm and specific use. Be familiar with bullet weights and the various primer types available.
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Step 6
Use the appropriate primer for large or small rifles or large or small pistols. Take care with extremely soft primers, which are easy to detonate and may cause injury to the handler.
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Step 7
Neutralize salts from corrosive ammunition by washing out the rifle with window cleaner or warm, soapy water. Dry the rifle completely after cleaning.
