How to Read a Compound Time Signature

Compound time signatures are not as easy to translate as simple time signatures. The top number does not directly indicate the number of beats per measure; however, it can be broken down to do so. Similarly, the bottom number of a compound time signature indicates what note the beat is broken down to, most likely the eighth note. Breaking down a compound time signature to find the beat is done in the following way.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

1. Look to the right of the clef and key signature to find the time signature. Common compound time signatures are fairly easy to detect and usually have an 8 on the bottom.

2. Read the top note of the time signature. The most common numbers used in compound time signatures are 6, 9 and 12. To find the number of beats per measure, you must divide this number by 3. For example, a 6/8 time signature has 3 beats per measure.

3. View the bottom note of the time signature. The most common number used in compound time signatures is 8, indicating eighth notes are being used to make up the beat unit. Add 3 eighth notes together, which equal a dotted quarter note, which is the note that sets the beat for your piece.

4. Count the beats per measure by putting the stress on every third count, but counting out through the top number of the time signature. For example, a 6/8 time signature should be counted as "ONE, two, three, FOUR, five, six." You are counting the eighth notes in the measure but remembering the 2 beats per measure as well.

Tips & Warnings

• Remember the number 3 when trying to figure out compound time signatures. Divide the top number by 3 and multiply the bottom note value by 3 to find your beats per measure and beat unit for your piece.
• Watch for time signature changes throughout a piece of music. Composers often change time signatures, which changes the number of beats per measure.