How to Read Complex Time Signatures

Complex time signatures are read the same way as simple time signatures. The bottom number sets the beat for the piece, and the top number tells how many beats there are per measure. Complex time signatures become more difficult because you cannot break down the beats per measure like simple or compound time signatures.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

1. Look in the first measure of your piece to the right of the clef and key signature. You will find two numbers, one on top of the other, that represent the time signature of the piece.

2. Note the bottom number of the time signature. A 2 indicates that the half note sets the beat; a 4 indicates that the quarter note sets the beat; an 8 indicates that the eighth note sets the beat. This number is important to keep in mind when beginning to count the beats in each measure.

3. Read the top number of the time signature. Complex time signatures are most commonly written with prime numbers on top. There are exceptions to this rule; however, a 5, 7, 9 or larger prime number on the top of a time signature usually indicate a complex time signature.

4. Count the time signature out loud or in your head several times until you have a steady beat. Complex time signatures are not as natural to count as simple or compound time signatures, so get a good beat going in your head before you begin playing your piece.

5. Keep counting in your head when you begin to play the piece. This will help you play the notes on the correct beat.

Tips & Warnings

• If the piece you are playing uses a complex time signature and complex note arrangements, a metronome may be helpful in keeping the beat. Count along with the metronome beat before and during playing until you get a feel for the piece.