How to Research Census Records

Researching census records is a great way to learn more about the roots of your family tree. Census records from the 1790s contain a minimal amount of information compared to the more current records of the 1920s or 1930s. Some records are difficult to decipher because of misspellings and inaccurate information; but they hold a wealth of information for the genealogist trying to find family roots. Read on to learn more.

Instructions

Difficulty: Moderately Challenging

1. Start by talking to family members and researching family papers to find out where your ancestors were living at any given time. If you know where they lived and about what year, you can narrow down your search to a more specific area.
2. Decide what kind of information you are looking for in the census records. From 1790 to 1840, the census only gives the head of household and the number of members living in the house. It doesn't indicate how they are related or what their names are. By 1850, the census began to gather more information such as name, age, birthplace and land ownership. Every year thereafter, the census includes more details, including information about occupation, immigration and relationship to the head of household.
3. Begin searching the census records with the most recent and work your way back. Start with a grandparent or older relative, since the 1930 census was the last one released for the public. Once you locate someone, see if you recognize other members in the family or names of people living in the same area. Sometimes the names children or other household members don't look familiar, which gives you a clue that this isn't the right person. Remember incorrect spelling was very common on many of the older censuses.
4. Visit the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C. This is where all of the census forms are stored on microfilm. You are able to view and buy copies of the census from 1790 to 1930, but if you aren't sure what you are looking for, this can become expensive. They don't provide online viewing of census forms, but you can access their catalog on their website to see what they have available and order copies for a fee.
5. Schedule a visit to view a state's archives or library for information specific to that area. Visit the state's websites for more information on what they have available.
6. Contact public libraries and historical societies. Many times, libraries have a genealogical research division. It may include access to transcribed census records for that particular county. They are generally very helpful, and often have a website linked to the county website or through the USGenWeb project. The USGenWeb Project provides free websites to assist with genealogical research for every county and state in the United States. Your local library can also rent microfilm for you to view by contacting the National Archives Microfilm Rental Program in Annapolis Junctions, Maryland.
7. Use online services that specialize in genealogical research. Sites such as the Ancestry website have already digitized many census forms, which makes it convenient to view without leaving your home. There is a subscription fee to use most of the services on these websites.

Tips & Warnings

• The first federal census took place in 1790 and has occurred every 10 years thereafter.
• By law, individual census records remain confidential for 72 years.