How to Cut Gems

Faceting is the art of cutting precious gemstones. Some of the most popular gems are sapphire, ruby, emerald and topaz. Learning how to cut gems can be an interesting, fun hobby. It can also turn into a career.

Instructions

1. Visit rock shows to learn about the various kinds of gems. Become familiar with the different types and their individual characteristics, such as the hardness of each stone, to learn how to cut gems. Experts can tell you the best kinds of gems for beginners to work with. "Rough" stones, gemstone material that has not been cut and polished, are available for purchase at rock shows.

2. Use a circular saw with a thin blade, usually made out of steel or copper, to cut the piece of rough to the size stone you want. Use a jigsaw for cutting curved lines that can't be done with a circular saw. This helps to minimize waste of gem material.

3. Choose a facet machine. These machines consist mainly of a grinding plate and a set of protractors that hold the stone in place. Rock shows often have facet machines available for purchase. The facet machine will include instructions and cutting diagrams for different gem styles.

4. Attach the piece of rough to the machine. Most machines have a small peg to which you can attach the gem. Use hot wax glue to attach the piece of rough to the peg. This keeps the piece in place and lets you adjust the angles while you cut the gems. Adjusting the angles grinds and forms the gem into the shape you want.

5. Finish the process by polishing and sanding the gem with a belt sander. This removes the last traces of any scratches and makes the gem shine. In some cases, depending on the use of the gem, you may leave the gem unpolished to create a frosted look.