Step1
First thing you need to look for in a good guitar are it's features.
Look for things like Maple necks. A good guitar should have two humbucker pickups. Humbucker pickups look like two pickups sandwiched right next to each other. the strings should be right off the neck. place a quarter on the the 12th fret if the string touches the quarter, it's good.
Step2
Brands of guitars - Gibson is my personal favorite at the current moment I own a gibson flying V. Don't buy the flashiest guitar you see. looks aren't everything. Dean Guitars are nice sounding along with ESP, Jackson, B.C. Rich and Gibson. Price wise if you're looking for a nicer cheap guitar look for a B.C. Rich or Jackson. I mainly play metal so thats why my guitar brand choices are the way they are. Fenders are nice also but yeah I wouldn't buy one. and remember You Get What You Pay For.
Step3
Buying accesories. Straps don't matter but if you just put a bunch of money into a guitar and don't want it dropped I'd say buy a Levy Strap. they are really good straps. if you have to buy strap locks they hold your guitar strap on and it won't come off.
Strings - D'addario's are good for beginners but it's all personal preferance.
Step4
Pedals - distortion - I would say go for a BOSS if you can if not go for DigiTech or DOD.
Wah - You get what you pay for. go for dunlop or morley.
Chorus - BOSS or DigiTech
Flanger - I really don't think it'd matter.
Line 6 pedals - I highly advise going against these pedals, they are expensive and you have to buy two pieces for them.
Noise Suppressor - get a BOSS it's the best hands down.
Step5
Amps - I'm just gonna start naming off good brands of Amps here cause it's all just personal preferance.
Marshall are the best in my opinion.
Vox
Krank
Krate
Kustoms you have to be carful with.
thats about all for amps.
That's about everything you could need to know for buying guitars or guitar stuff.