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Step 1
Realize that you've already read more science fiction than you think. Some famous science fiction novels you were required to read in school include "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley, "The Time Machine" by H. G. Wells, and "1984" by George Orwell.
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Step 2
Choose a sub-genre. Start with what you already enjoy in mainstream fiction. History buffs should read alternate history and time travel stories, political scientists will enjoy dystopian stories, and computer geeks love cyberpunk. Some other sub-genres include first contact, apocalyptic, near-future, slipstream, sociological, space opera, military, future fantasy and humorous.
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Step 3
Learn the protocol. Most science fiction is written as if the reader is already familiar with the universe in which the story takes place. Don't despair if you're lost in the beginning. Even long-time readers don't always know what the words mean or what's going on. Keep reading and be assured that everything will be eventually be explained. Figuring it out is a large part of the appeal of science fiction.
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Step 4
Make allowances for warp drives. Where's hyperspace? How does a faster-than-light engine work? The author of the story doesn't know any more than you do, but there has to be a way to travel between planets quickly or the story will be extremely boring (or extremely long). Just accept it and read on. The same goes for time machines, aliens that look human and talking dinosaurs.
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Step 5
Ask yourself what the story is really about. The best thing about science fiction is that it isn't really about outer space--it's about us. Aliens might represent a particular segment of today's society. Space-marines on Mars might be similar to real Marines in the Middle East. When you can figure out what the author is saying about the challenges facing you and your children, you will be able to fully appreciate a science fiction story.
