How to Learn About the Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis Process

Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck just under the Adam's apple. In order to properly understand thyroid cancer, it is important to learn about the thyroid cancer diagnosis process. Luckily there is a large amount of information available online and through your health care provider.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

1. Learn about the possible risk factors involved with thyroid cancer. Certain types of thyroid cancer are hereditary, including medullary thyroid carcinomas. If you were exposed to high doses of radiation as a child, you may be at a higher risk for thyroid cancer.

2. Visit the American Cancer Society (see "Resources" below) Web site to examine a detailed overview of the thyroid cancer diagnosis process.

3. See your doctor immediately if you exhibit signs of thyroid cancer. The most common symptoms include lumps in the neck, swelling, hoarseness, pain, trouble swallowing or a persistent cough.

4. Submit to a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. This is a simple, straightforward procedure to obtain a cell sample.

5. Prepare to take this test again. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 10 percent of patients will have to undergo a second FNA biopsy for conclusive results.

6. Undergo a thyroid scan. This imaging procedure involves the injection or ingestion of radioactive iodine.

7. Investigate other diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and positron emission tomography (PET) via the American Cancer Society Web site.

8. Start discussing treatment options with your doctor if you receive a positive diagnosis.

Tips & Warnings

• Be sure to ask your doctor which stage your thyroid cancer is in and what the stage means in your specific case.
• Be aware that if a cancer patient is not of sound mind or can't speak for himself, a family member can take over the decision-making process. Make sure to fill out the proper release forms.
• Attend follow-up appointments for any important tests that need to be done. These procedures will detect if the cancer has recurred.
• Don't face your upcoming treatment by yourself. Speak with your cancer care team for a list of support groups. You can speak with others about your experience in person or over the phone, which can help you cope with the thyroid cancer diagnosis process.

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