How to Build Organic Soil

Your success in organic gardening depends in large part on the soil you build. Start with any native soil and add the right organic amendments to nourish your plants. Then let the bed mellow for a month or more and get growing.

Things You'll Need

• Fertilizer Analyzer
• Bow Rake
• Fertilizers

Instructions

1. Evaluate your native soil. Whether you have it tested or draw your own conclusions, determine its needs for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. Use your own experience or ask a veteran gardener to teach you about any particular amendments that local soils need, such as lime.

2. Amend your soil with elemental organic fertilizers - they have only one or two ingredients per bag. Find local sources for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements - and further your commitment to the organic attitude.

3. Improve your native soil by adding organic matter ("om") to gain two important benefits: more water retention and better drainage. Use animal manures for their combination of om and nutrients, along with at least one other om, such as compost, ground bark, leaf mold or peat moss.

4. Read fertilizer labels and apply the recommended amount for your garden area. Use this rule of thumb for adding organic matter: 3 inches of native soil can usually incorporate 4 to 6 inches of combined manure, compost and so on.

5. Add an inch of sharp sand to the mix plus lime if indicated, then start to dig the elements in together. Think chili, not lasagna, and be sure no distinct layers remain after tilling.

6. Rake your organic soil mix into beds or rows and water it once. Wait a month or so for the elements to mellow, then plant to your heart's content.

Tips & Warnings

• Check for local organic fertilizers at garden centers, health food stores and farmers' cooperatives, as well as at organic farms, horse barns and chicken producers.

• Compost any raw manures for at least six months before adding to your garden.