How to Prune a Grape Vine

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By eHow Contributing Writer

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Pruning grape vines can be a mystery. But if you remember that all grapes produce fruit on one-year old wood, you have taken the first step towards viticulture! Here's how to prune a grapevine.

Difficulty: Moderately challenging

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

Bypass Pruners
grape stake

Step 1

Allow the grape vine to grow any-which-way the first year it is in the ground. Having abundant stems and leaves will help develop a strong root system on immature grape vines. No pruning at all for the first year.
Step 2

Select the strongest and most vigorous-looking stem during the winter of the first year. Using bypass pruners, remove all the other stems at the base of the plant or as close to the trunk on the main stem as possible. Stake the remaining stem which will become the trunk of the plant. Use a grape stake or secure the vine along a fence with wire.
Step 3

Allow stems to grow from the main trunk. In the spring of the second year, begin removing all but two of the very best side shoots that grow from the trunk. If the vine isn't branching where you want it too, pinch the top of the main trunk to encourage side branching.
Step 4

Cut back the top of the trunk during midsummer of the second year, when the vine reaches the desired height. The process of tip pruning will force new growth along the main trunk. Remove any new branches that don't fit your plan.
Step 5

Cut back all but the desired side branches and the main trunk during the second winter. What you have now is the basic frame for the plant - an upright stem with two sets of side branches.
Step 6

Allow the vine to grow during the third spring and summer, removing anything that grows from the trunk. You want to retain the basic framework of the vine.
Step 7

Leave 12 buds along each of the arms during the third winter. Pruning during the third winter is crucial to future fruit production. These 12 are the buds that will produce fruit during the 4th summer. Each of the 12 should have 1-2 leaf joints so that the vine looks like a stubby hat rack when you are finished pruning. These are called 'renewal buds' and will remain on the plant forever.
Step 8

Prune the 12 renewal buds so that there is always one more bud growing from the tip. This practice will continue from the fourth winter onward. What you are doing is allowing the renewal buds to extend and grow one bud length every season. During the summer, the fruit develops on the new growth that springs from the renewal bud. Keeping them short during the dormant season keeps the plants under control.

Comments

jimyealy said

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on 9/28/2009 In number 1 you state to not prune the vine at all. In number 2 you state to prune the vine in the winter of the first year. I am confused. Prune the first year or not? Tks.

on 5/6/2009 HELP, I planted 1 red and 1green vine in summer 2005, the red 1 came with a vine on it, I did no prun just guding it along the wood pergola, 2. year I guided more, I got some good grapes from the red but the birds eat most of it, the vine became so wild I started some pruning on this very long endless branches at the top, 3. year pruned some of dry at the top and placed a tight net over and under it to contain it and the harvest was poor as most ended in the nets and the birds got it too. 4. year I kept pruning back those endless long branches and got a good green and much better red harvest and I placed wind spinners obove it. But the birds still got hold of it from underneath and also the rain. 5, year How do I truly prune my vein so it does not take me over, how do I save it from the birds, what can I do in fall /or Spring to contain and to harvest more. All this is in Manhattan ...

soulsweet said

on 4/14/2009 I also moved into a house with a grave vine. It looks more like a grape tree. It produced small, tart green grapes, that would be delicious if the skins weren't so think. The grapevine looks very very old, it looks and feels like it's dead wood, but it produced a plentiful harvast. I'm wanted to prune it, and help it grow healthier. On the largest branch, somebody hung an iron fence post on it and it's grown too big to remove it. Would it be safe for the grapevine to cut this branch off? It's the biggest branch, there's 3 other branches. It's also not in a place where there is optimal sunlight. What can I do to help the poor thing?