How to Create Fruiting Spurs on Espaliers

An apple tree blossoms on a fruiting spur.

Espalier is the classic art of growing fruit trees against walls. Originally conceived as a method of growing fruit in a microclimate, it became a decorative as well as productive art form. Apple trees are particularly suited for espalier because they fruit on short branches called fruiting spurs. Once an espalier is established, most pruning is focused on maintaining the shape of the tree and encouraging the development of fruiting spurs.

Things You'll Need

• Pruning shears

Instructions

1. Examine each main branch, or cordon, of the espalier. Look for new branches growing up or down from the cordons.

2. Prune the new branches back to 4- or 5-inch stubs, cutting just past a cluster of four or five leaves. These short stubs of branches become the fruiting spurs.

3. Prune the ends of the cordons to maintain the size and shape of the espalier, again cutting just past a cluster of five leaves.

4. Remove all branches growing out and away from the espalier. Keeping the espalier flat is important in maintaining its shape.

Tips & Warnings

• Prune two or three times throughout the year to keep your espalier from outgrowing its space.

• Thin the developing fruits to prevent their weight from damaging the espalier.

• Apricots, nectarines and peaches are best grown in a fan shape. They require heavy pruning to produce fruiting branches.

• Wear gloves when pruning your espalier.

References

• Edible Landscaping; Espalier an Apple Tree; Charlie Nardozzi
• Vintage Garden Gal; The Art of Espalier Fruit Trees; Bonnie Manion; January 2009
• Chicago Botanic Garden: How to Espalier an Apple Tree

Resources

• Arnoldia; Fruiting Espaliers: A Fusion of Art and Science; Lee Reich; Winter 1999-2000
• Colorado State University Extension; Backyard Fruit Production; Joel A. Reich