End Stage of Renal Failure
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Kidney Failure
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Chronic kidney disease is determined by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) which measures how well the blood is filtered by the kidneys. The glomerular filtration is the process of how the kidneys remove excess fluids and waste plus filters the blood. Over time chronic kidney disease can become end-stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD occurs when the kidneys permanently cease to work or function at less than 15 percent of their normal ability. Symptoms of ESRD include decreased or no urine output, fatigue, decreased alertness, decreased sensation in feet and hands, frequent hiccups and itching. ESRD can lead to other problems like high blood pressure, anemia or nerve damage. There is no cure for end-stage renal disease. However, according to University of Virginia Health System, individuals with ESRD are living longer with treatments like dialysis and hemodialysis.
Stage 1
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Doctors will calculate the GFR using a mathematical formula. This formula includes an individual's race, age, serum creatinine levels and gender. This number is estimated with a 24-hour urine collection. Therefore, when the GFR is 90 or above, your doctor will try to figure out the cause of your kidney disease and course of treatment.
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Stage 2
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Kidney damage with a GFR of 60 to 89 is considered mildly low. Doctors will estimate how quickly the ESRD is progressing. With stage 2, for instance, your doctor will continue regular monitoring. Also, if you have diabetes, you will be advised to control your blood sugar levels and blood pressure.
Stage 3
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When the GFR starts to drop lower than 60, this will indicate lower kidney function. In stage three, the GFR is 30 to 59 and the kidney damage is moderately low. Your doctor will check for complications like bone disease or anemia. If complications occur, your doctor will begin treatment.
Stage 4
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The fourth stage of ESRD is considered severely low. The GRF is 15 to 29. During this stage, you and your doctor will decide what type of treatment option is best for you if kidney failure develops.
Stage 5
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When the GFR is below 15 kidney failure occurs. You will either have to start kidney dialysis treatment or have a kidney transplant. Dialysis filters the blood when the kidneys cease to do the job. It's not a cure. However, dialysis can help you live longer. Although a kidney transplant will allow you to live a normal life, there may be a long wait to find a good match. Also, the body can reject the new kidney.
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