How Does the MS Exchange Server Work?
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The Microsoft Exchange Server is a complex system that manages communication and information shared between users. However, the basics of this system can be outlined in a few simple points.
The Exchange Server is a client/server application, meaning that the client---the user---that wants to send a message connects to his or her account on the server, composes the message, then sends it. The message then reaches the server and is stored in the appropriate location in the database.
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There are four basic components that comprise the Exchange Server. The Information Store is where user mailboxes kept and where messages are stored and organized. The System Attendant is where email addresses and related information are created and managed. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, also known as SMTP, is the system that routes messages from server to server. The Active Directory manages user mailboxes, distribution lists, and server properties and communicates with the System Attendant regarding user mailbox information. These components work together to: create user accounts and mailboxes; manage data such as email, calendars, and addresses; provide instructions on where messages are to be sent what users can view what data.
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Once the message is stored, the server notifies the recipient client that there is a message waiting, provided they are somehow connected to the server to retrieve notifications. The client then logs into her account on the server, at which point they can retrieve the message.
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