How Is Epstein-Barr Treated?
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Definition
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Also known as infectious mononucleosis, the Epstein-Barr virus is a common condition that may produce mild symptoms, such as those similar to a mild cold, or more severe, such as extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat or swollen lymph nodes. The Epstein-Barr virus is always present in the body, which is why it is known as the kissing disease--the virus can be transferred via a person's saliva.
Because Epstein-Barr is a virus, there is no cure for the disease itself. Instead, treatment aims at making the person more comfortable until symptoms cease.
At-Home Treatments
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Because patients with Epstein-Barr may be highly contagious when an episode occurs, they should be kept as isolated as possible and placed on bed rest. This helps to resolve fatigue and allows the body to best fight the disease. A patient should also drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
When a patient's fever is lowered, he should not be contagious and can resume normal activities while paying close attention to fatigue levels. Sometimes the Epstein-Barr virus can cause the spleen to enlarge. In this instance, it is important to avoid strenuous physical activity, such as weightlifting or athletics, for at least 4 weeks, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. If the spleen does rupture, seek immediate medical treatment.
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Medications
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Sometimes Epstein-Barr can cause intense swelling of the airways, which necessitates treatment with corticosteroids, which work to reduce swelling. Additional fever-reducing medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, are also recommended.
The lowered immune system associated with Epstein-Barr virus also can cause infections, such as strep throat, which may be treated with antibiotics.
While antiviral medications, such as acylclovir, do exist and are sometimes prescribed for Epstein-Barr, these medications have limited success in shortening recovery times, according to The Merck Manuals Online Library.
Long-Term Effects
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Many Epstein-Barr sufferers report extended bouts of fatigue that may last up to 6 months following the initial incidence of the disease, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Patients should slowly re-engage in previous activities so as to prevent recurrence.
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