How a CPU Microprocessor Is Made?
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Melting Process
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The process of making a CPU starts, simply, with melting the elements together that make up the foundation of the CPU. Those elements together make up what is called the wafer. Some of the elements in the wafer include boron, polysilicon, and arsenic. The main element used in the construction is silicon. All of the elements are melted together in a quartz crucible which is strong enough to sustain the high melting temperature needed to form the wafer.
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Lowering of The Silicon Into the Mixture
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Once the elements have been melted together and reached the correct temperature a small silicon crystal called the ingot is lowered into the mixture. The size of the ingot is dependent upon the temperature of the elemental mixture. When the ingot is removed from the mixture, the ends are cut off of it. This is because the each end of the ingot contain impurities that are not wanted in the manufacturing process.
Cutting of the Wafers
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After the ingot has been prepared, the wafers are cut from it. Then after the wafers have been cut from the ingot they are rounded off to prevent chips and cracks from forming. The wafers are then processed with chemicals and mechanically to machined to make them flat and polished. Once the wafers are inspected they are ready to be etched.
Etching and Addition of Transistors
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After the wafers are chemically treated they are etched with Hydroflouric (HF) acid. The transistors are then added to the top of the now etched wafer. All of this is done in rooms referred to as ''clean rooms''. All workers and equipment in one of these ''clean rooms'' is completely covered in protective materials as even one small fleck of dust can damage the whole chip. The process is mainly completed by highly automated machines which are maintained by highly trained lab technicians.
Completed Product
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After the wafer is fully manufactured with and full of transistor chips it is ready to be tested. The chips are tested while still on the wafer. When the testing is completed the individual chips that form the microprocessor are cut from the wafer and formed into the microprocessor.
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