Chemotherapy, often referred to as "chemo," is a medical process used in the treatment of cancer. It uses chemicals to help slow or stop the growth of cancer cells growing within the body. However, since the drugs cannot differentiate between cells, chemo also kills healthy cells. Once chemotherapy is stopped, healthy cells will usually begin to grow again. Because of chemo's harsh effects on the body, some patients' bodies may not be strong enough to survive the treatment. There are different drugs that can be used, and different methods of administration, including intravenously, via injection, orally or topically. Medication can also be introduced directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer (intra-arterial) or into the peritoneal cavity. Chemo can be given during a hospital stay, at home or in a doctor's office, clinic or outpatient unit in a hospital. Chemotherapy may result in the remission of cancer, slow its progression or help ease cancer symptoms.
Treatment Plans
A specific treatment plan will be mapped out for the patient before beginning the chemotherapy process. Factors considered in the treatment include the type and stage of cancer as well as other health issues. Chemo is given in cycles, with rest periods between each cycle. The length of the cycle and rest period will vary depending on the patient's regimen. Some patients may require several cycles. The dosages of medications and the intervals at which they will be administered will also vary. A patient may receive surgery either before or after the chemotherapy treatment. Others may also receive radiation therapy or biological therapy in addition to the chemo.
Side Effects and Precautions
There are several side effects that may occur as a result of chemotherapy treatment. Since chemo kills healthy blood cells in addition to cancerous ones, this can result in low white or red blood cell counts, or low platelet counts. White blood cells fight infection, and their loss may result in a serious condition called neutropenia, which can weaken the immune system and make the body more susceptible to infection. Other common side effects include hair loss, nausea, mouth sores, rashes on the hands or feet, vomiting and fatigue. Depending on how the body reacts to chemo, medications may be adjusted or temporarily stopped. Patients who are receiving chemo should also talk with their doctors before taking any other prescription or over-the-counter medications, as well as vitamins, herbs and dietary supplements.
