Laryngectomy Technique
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Background
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A laryngectomy is the removal of the larynx through surgery. The larynx, also known as the voice box, is located in the throat where the esophagus and trachea separate. The larynx protects the airway, for example keeping liquid from entering the lungs. It also generates the voice.
When the larynx is removed, air cannot travel into the lungs through the mouth. For air to enter the lungs, another opening is created called a stoma.
Operation
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A laryngectomy is performed via a cut in the neck. Usually, this incision is made beginning at the neck and moving backwards. The standard incision size is approvomately two inches. If glands must be removed in addition to the larynx, a larger cut may be needed.
Patients undergoing a laryngectomy will often spend several days at the hospital's intensive care unit before being moved to standard care. Suction drains may be needed to remove any fluid that builds up in the neck.
Because of the invasiveness of the operation, a small feeding tube is necessary for nutrition and liquids. This is temporary. Normal function usually returns after about one week.
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Recovery
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Recovery typically takes between one and two weeks in the hospital, as the patient adjusts to the change in breathing. Air cannot be kept humid normally, since it now flows directly into the stoma, located at the front of the throat. This can cause mucous buildup that can cause problems and create an infection.
A mask is often used during recovery to provide humid air to the stoma and allow it to heal. Over time, this area will heal and the mask will no longer be required.
Because the stoma opening is the only airway present after a laryngectomy, it must be kept clean and clear at all times.
Patients often have to learn different ways of speaking, since the vocal chords have been directly affected. Devices such as the artificial larynx make speech possible, and over time patients learn to speak without the assistance of a larynx.
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References
- Photo Credit Sanja Gjenero
