- Frankincense is an ancient tree found in the deserts of Northern Africa, Southern Arabia and India. A scrubby yet hardy tree that reaches a height of about 20 feet, frankincense often appears to be growing directly out of boulders and rocks on steep cliffs. According to legend, the trees grew in only the most inaccessible mountain settings where they were guarded by fierce dragons. Frankincense prefers limestone-rich soil and requires an arid climate where the main source of water is morning mist.
- Mature frankincense trees feature five-petal flowers that are either yellow-white or pale red. A favorite of bees, these flowers produce seeds for future trees. The trees also can be propagated from stem cuttings.
- Frankincense trees are best known for their fragrant milky-white resin, which is usually harvested twice a year by making deep cuts into the tree's bark. This oily resin has been one of the world's most prized treasures throughout recorded history. At one time it was considered more valuable than gold, adding significance to the Biblical story of the three wise men whose gifts to the infant Jesus included frankincense. Today frankincense oil is used in perfumes, soaps and other cosmetics. Frankincense incense also remains a part of religious rites in Catholic churches and Jewish synagogues. In addition to its resin, the bark of frankincense trees is believed to have anti-inflammatory medicinal properties.
- Frankincense trees are notoriously finicky, which is why they are rarely seen in the United States. One specimen is growing on the Florida International University campus in Miami. Some bonsai enthusiasts also have achieved success growing miniature frankincense trees.
