How Does One Get Toenail Fungus?

Basics

Toenail fungus is a result of bacteria growing under the toenail. The unsightly thick yellow nails can be a sign of a localized infection that can be treated with medication or topical ointments. Toe fungus can continue to invade the underside of the toenail, making it brittle and loose so that the nail area becomes painful or the nail falls off. Toes are the predominant area in which nail fungus grows because toenails are typically covered and in a dark, moist environment that encourages fungus to grow.

Public Places

Fungi grow in damp places where puddles accumulate such as swimming pools, showers and health spas. Fungus can survive for long periods of time when the area is kept warm. Walking barefoot through an infected pool of water allows the fungus spores to spread and attach themselves to the feet. Nail salons are common breeding places for foot fungus. Watch the sterilizing process used at a salon before getting a pedicure. Fungus spores spread easily from infected nail tools. Health spas with saunas and public whirlpools are other places in which fungus spores can live and spread. Ask the spa manager how often the facilities are cleaned and what methods of cleaning are used. Older people should be particularly careful in public places because the blood circulation is diminished, leaving extremities more vulnerable to infection. In addition, people with diseases such as diabetes and who have weakened immune systems should avoid walking through public puddles.

Prevention

Prevention is the best defense against contracting toenail fungus. Wear sandals or shoes when walking through damp public places. Wash feet immediately if they become exposed to a public puddle and dry them thoroughly. Do not share damp towels with other people who may carry the fungus. Spores can live on moist warm material and pass from person to person. Reduce the amount of sugar in your diet because fungus spores are attracted to blood that is high in sugar. Wear wool or cotton socks that are more breathable than polyester and mixed blend materials so that your feet remain dry. Wear shoes that are breathable as well, such as those with air vents in the soles or made from natural materials. Keep your feet dry. If socks become wet, dry off your feet and change into clean dry socks. Cut nails short, giving fungus spores less room under which to grow. Avoid nail polish if you are prone to nail fungus or you are trying to clear up an outbreak. The polish makes a tough, protective coating under which the fungus can thrive. Finally, take precautions to treat any cuts on the toes. A minor nail injury can open up the area to be more susceptible to fungus.

Resources

• Mayo Clinic toenail fungus information