Bluetooth Technology: How it Works

Introduction

Bluetooth allows for two or more devices to communicate with each other via wireless radio technology. It was invented in 1994, but its use didn't become popular and widespread until 2003 or 2004 with the advent of Bluetooth 1.2 and 2.0, which increased the speed and security of the technology.

How it Works

Bluetooth uses short-range, high-frequency radio signals to transfer data between two or more compatible devices at speeds of up to 2.1 megabits per second. Bluetooth 1.2 introduced a feature called "frequency-hopping spread spectrum," which is implemented by dividing the signal along as many as 79 separate frequencies. This increases security and reduces the amount of interference on crowded frequencies.

Bluetooth devices communicate with each other by "pairing." Commonly, both devices are put into "Search" mode and begin transmitting signals until they're detected. Once the connection and security are verified by both devices and the user, they are ready to start transferring data. Bluetooth pairing is generally a quick and straightforward process, which contributes to its popularity.

Common Applications

Bluetooth technology is used in a wide array of electronic devices. Cellular phones use Bluetooth to transfer data between a wireless headset or a computer; laptop and handheld computers use it to create short-range networks or use other external devices including modems and printers; digital cameras can wirelessly share pictures with a computer or another camera; and video game consoles, including the Wii, implement their wireless controllers using Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth remains the cheapest, easiest and most popular solution to connect two or more devices that are near each other in order to share small amounts of data wirelessly.