How Does Enamel Protect Teeth?

Tooth Decay Process

What is enamel?

Tooth enamel is the outer layer of teeth. It is usually light yellow to dark white in color and is the main part of the tooth we see. Tooth enamel is the strongest part of the body, because it is more than 90 percent hard minerals. Enamel protects teeth from threats and daily activities like eating and decay. Regularly brushing and flossing teeth keep enamel strong, so it can continue to protect the more sensitive parts of the tooth.

Enamel Protects Dentin

Teeth are not made out of bone, but of minerals and tissues. Dentin is the live mineral substance that makes up the middle of the tooth, the "pulp." It contains mineralized tissue and fluids that help convert the tissues to minerals. Enamel protects dentin from becoming infected and rotting the tooth cavity.

Enamel Prevents Tooth Decay

Tooth decay is the process that creates cavities by causing the tissues that make up dentin and cementum (the part of the tooth below the gum line) to break down. Enamel protects the tooth from being broken down by the bacteria and acids that cause tooth decay and cavities.

Enamel Provides Support

Enamel has proteins called amelogenins and enamelins that protect the teeth by providing support for the weaker and softer tissues that it surrounds. Because enamel is such a hard substance, the teeth are able to retain their shape and stay rooted in the mouth properly. Without enamel, teeth would be much softer and more vulnerable.

Enamel Protects Teeth When Eating

Chewing, grinding and tearing food require enamel to be strong in order to protect teeth. If there are any cracks or chips in the enamel, bacteria or acids from foods and beverages can get into the root and dentin of the tooth and cause serious infections.

Enamel Protects Teeth from Extreme Temperatures

Food and beverages that are very hot or cold can damage the sensitive dentin and cementum tissue in the middle and root of the tooth. Toothaches or sensitivity to hot or cold usually result from when enamel begins to break down on teeth, exposing the nerves and tissues.

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