- Esophageal cancer occurs when portions of the esophagus form malignant tumors. There are many types of tissue in the esophagus that can do this, but the most common are the squamous epithelial tissue (which lines esophagus) as well as some of the glandular tissue. In general, cancer of the esophagus leads to painful tumors that make it difficult to swallow and ultimately is diagnosed via a biopsy. Small tumors can be surgically removed, but large tumors are generally thought of as inoperable and can only be treated with chemotherapy and radiation.
- One of the easiest ways to prevent getting esophageal cancer is to be aware of the risk factors and to try to minimize them. For example, use of tobacco can increase the risk of esophageal cancer, as well as heavy use of alcohol. In fact, these two risk factors seem to build on each other, and having both greatly increases the risk more than either one alone. Acid reflux (also known as GERD) can also increase the risk of cancer of the esophagus. Swallowing certain caustic substances, such as lye, is also a risk factor. Finally, a diet high in certain compounds, such as nitrosamines, can lead to a higher risk of esophageal cancer.
- Regular use of aspirin or other similar pain relievers (NSAIDs) can reduce the risk of cancer. Infection with the H. pylori bacteria (responsible for ulcers) can also protect against cancer of the esophagus. A diet that is high in vegetables, especially cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower can also be protective, as is moderate consumption of coffee.
