How Does Breast Fibroids Develop?

What Are Breast Fibroids?

Breast fibroids are also known as fibrocystic breast disease, mammary displasia or benign breast disease. Breast fibroids are movable, rubbery nodules that can cause pain and swelling near the surface of the breast. Breast fibroids are benign, which means they are not cancerous. Breast fibroids are relatively common, especially in women who are older than 30. About one-third of them are due to natural consequences of the monthly menstrual hormonal cycle. Breast fibroid development begins at puberty and continues until menopause, after which they are usually not a problem.

What Causes Breast Fibroids?

The actual cause of breast fibroids is not completely understood. One factor that leads to their development is the natural cycling of hormones in the menstrual cycle. Levels of estrogen and progesterone, two hormones affected by the menstrual cycle, cause the breast tissue cells to grow and multiply. Other hormones such as prolactin, thyroid, insulin and growth factor also play a role. The breast tissue itself also produces hormones from its glandular cells, as well as from the fat tissue. These hormones also play an important role in the initiation and development of breast fibroids.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Because the menstrual cycle plays a role in the development of breast fibroids, symptoms may get worse just before menstruation. The most common symptom is the formation of irregular areas of tissue that are lumpy or ridgelike in the breast. These areas can be very sensitive to touch and can create a burning sensation or a dull, aching pain. These fibroids can also change the sensation of the nipple and cause itching. Fibroids are typically diagnosed by physical examination of the affected areas. Mammograms and specialized ultrasound can also be used to detect breast fibroids. To differentiate breast fibroids from breast cancer, sometimes a biopsy will be performed.