How Does Mouth Cancer Develop?
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What Is Mouth Cancer?
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Mouth cancer, otherwise known as oral cancer, occurs when the cells in the mouth begin to multiply unnecessarily. Ordinarily, new squamous cells are produced to replace older cells that are dying off. In a healthy mouth, this process takes place on an as-needed basis. When you have mouth cancer, however, new cells form before the old ones are ready to expire. A cluster of these extra cells forms a tumor, which may be benign or malignant. A malignant oral tumor, if left untreated, eventually spreads to other parts of the body, including the lymph system. A benign tumor, on the other hand, is usually removed from the mouth without further complications.
What Causes Mouth Cancer?
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As with many other forms of cancer, the risk of mouth cancer is greater for those who abuse alcohol or nicotine products. Nicotine products include not only cigarettes, but cigars, pipes and chewing tobacco as well. Spending too much time in the sun without adequate protection also increases the risk of mouth cancer. Try to avoid sunburns, especially on your lips or around your mouth. Believe it or not, the STD known as the human papillomavirus, or HPV, can also increase your risk of mouth cancer. Poor dental hygiene can also play a role in tumor formation. Taking precautions and avoiding some of these risk factors can reduce your risk of developing mouth cancer; however, the risk cannot be eliminated completely. Genetics also plays a role. If you have a family history of cancer, especially mouth cancer, you should be checked regularly by your doctor.
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What Happens When Mouth Cancer Spreads?
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In the early stages of mouth cancer, you may notice a persistent sore throat or unexplained mouth pain. These symptoms are caused by the mutation of the squamous cells that line the mouth and throat. As these cells mutate, they grow into formations known as tumors. Though they are rarely life-threatening, even benign tumors in the mouth can cause difficulties with chewing, swallowing or even speaking. Malignant mouth cancer tumors, however, can spread to the lymph system and the bloodstream if not treated quickly. These tumors can metastasize, or spread, causing additional tumors to develop in other parts of the body. According to the National Institutes of Health, 75% of mouth cancer cases are curable if caught in the early stages. After mouth cancer has metastasized, however, it becomes increasingly difficult to treat. If you are at risk for mouth cancer, talk to your doctor. Regular checkups can mean the difference between life and death.
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