How Does an Iron Work?

How does an iron work?

An iron is a small household appliance that is used to remove wrinkles from fabric, usually clothing. An iron consists of a metal plate that is heated and connected to a heat-proof handle that is grasped to press the iron upon the fabric. The iron heats fabric, which makes the bonds between the molecules of the fabric weak and pliable. The weight of the iron flattens the fabric when it is in this weak state and removes all wrinkles. When the fabric cools again, the molecules in the fabric become strong again, but in a flattened (unwrinkled) position. Irons can also be used to press creases into fabric in the same manner. The molecules within fabrics can vary with respect to their strength, which makes some fabrics more difficult to iron than others. For instance, silk is much easier to iron than linen, which has stronger molecular bonds.

The evolution of irons

Irons have been around for hundreds of years. Before electricity, irons were placed directly on a heat source such as a fire or stove top. There were also models that could be opened and filled with embers or hot charcoal. As one may suspect, the temperature of the iron was extremely variable and could run so hot as to scorch the material or become cool enough as to render it useless. Irons were also known to cool rather quickly, so several irons were usually heated at once (hence the saying "many irons in the fire").
Today's irons, which are heated using an internal heating element that is powered by electricity, offer much more control in the way of temperature and are much safer to use.

Modern day irons

Modern irons offer a lot of features that make the process of ironing easier. The first electric irons were very heavy, and their bulk was designed to help press fabric. Modern irons are more lightweight. Most irons contain a reservoir that is filled with water, which turns into steam. The moisture from the steam helps soften the molecules within the fabric and renders the iron more effective.
Other features such as automatic shut-off (in case you forget to turn it off), retractable cords and Teflon coating are all designed to make ironing a more pleasant and safe experience.