How Electromagnets Work

Basics

An electromagnet is a type of magnet that works by having an electric current pass through a series of wires. The wires are usually tightly coiled and often wrapped around a core made of iron to enhance the magnetic effect. These devices are used for mechanisms where it is important to be able to turn the magnetic current on and off with the flip of a switch that, in turn, shuts off the electric current that creates the magnetic field.

Components

The metal base, which can be as simple as a nail, is wrapped with a wire that is then connected to a power source. The electric source can be as basic as a simple battery, with each end of the wire connected to each end of the battery. The magnet can be turned on and off by connecting and disconnecting the one end of the wire from the battery. A switch can also be added along one side of the wire, which can be flipped on to activate the magnet.

Enhancements

Electromagnets can be increased in strength with a little tinkering. Because they function by sending an electric signal through coiled wire, more wire can be added to create a bigger coil and thus increase the power. The strength of the current sent through the wire can also be increased, which will also increase the magnet's power. Wrapping the metal coils around an iron core is also a way to increase the electromagnet power. If an iron core is already in use, a larger one could be inserted.