How Does Benzoyl Peroxide Affect Acne?

What is Benzoyl Peroxide?

Benzoyl Peroxide is a chemical that belongs to the family of organic peroxides. In its purest form it is highly toxic, flammable, explosive and may even cause tumors. When diluted, it is typically used as a topical acne ointment, and no longer poses these dangers though there may be some side effects related to its use as an acne medication. Benzoyl peroxide gained popularity as an acne treatment several decades ago and is still one of the most popular acne treatment products. It is the main ingredient found in many acne skincare products. It is found in many over-the-counter creams, lotions and gels as well as in stronger prescription acne medications.

How It Works

Benzoyl peroxide works by introducing oxygen to the pore when applied topically onto the skin. The main acne-causing bacteria, p. acnes (also known as propionibacteria acnes) cannot survive in an oxygen-rich environment. Thus, when benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne treatment, it affectively kills the bacteria and subsequently reduces the amount of acne on one's skin. It is also a powerful exfoliator that removes dead surface skin cells and clearing up pore-clogging debris that causes blackheads and whiteheads. This exfoliating action often helps prevent acne before it even starts. In order for acne to be reduced and prevented indefinitely, use of benzoyl peroxide must be continued even after the acne has cleared up. Otherwise, acne could return in its past form, or even get worse.

Usage Directions and Side Effects

Most over-the-counter acne medications contain about 2.5 percent benzoyl peroxide as an active ingredient. It is recommended that first time users start with this lower percentage of benzoyl peroxide to allow skin to become accustomed to it. Generally, the 2.5 percent is enough to treat mild to moderate acne; however, an ointment containing up to 10 percent benzoyl peroxide can be prescribed to treat severe acne. Common side effects associated with the use of benzoyl peroxide as an acne medication include dryness, flakiness, irritation and a slight burning sensation of the skin. At worst it can cause peeling or a rash. If this occurs, stop use immediately and consult your dermatologist.