History

Sea Scooter is a marque of SeaDoo, itself a brand of Bombardier Recreational Products. Widely known for its personal watercraft and small boats, SeaDoo also manufactures an extensive line of…

Although pagers, which communicate through short bursts of data, had been used in various forms throughout the second half of the 20th century, they became more accessible to the average business user…

Properly called a hand-shifter, the terms tank shift, suicide shifter, slap-shifter and jockey shift all refer to a drive-train that requires the rider to remove one hand from a motorcycle’s…

When working in Eclipse Subversive, you might want to delete the SVN history of a project item to prevent the program from overriding your own changes. Eclipse Subversive is a programming project…

It's a long way from making a bathtub out of a hog trough to being one of America's largest privately held companies, but that's the path John Michael Kohler set out upon when he got inspired about…

The disc jockey-level Pioneer CDJ-500 was, at the time of its release, a flagship compact disc player. The incorporation of advances in technology into its features gave the CDJ-500 an edge in…

The word "hacker" gained notoriety at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s. The campus culture at the MIT slotted students into two groups. Students who regularly attended…

Interoffice communications technology existed decades before the intercom. After Kellogg patented the first Intercommunicating Telephone System in 1894, the ability to communicate with an employee or…

Produced from the 1930s to the 1990s, Detroit Diesel's Series 71 engine is one of the most persistent diesel engine designs ever developed. Originally conceived as a highway-capable alternative to…

CO2 dragsters are miniature vehicles powered by liquid CO2 and raced on a track. The hobby traces its roots to the larger prewar soap box derby racing that used gravity to propel the cars and the…

Rampe tumblers were first introduced in the late 1970s, as an invention of John F. Rampe. Often known as "vibratory finishers," these tumblers cleaned and smoothed down small workpieces such…

Toshiba is a technology company formed by the merger of two companies, Tokyo Electric Co. and Shibaura Engineering Works in 1939 in Japan. Today, Toshiba is known for making televisions, DVD players,…

The Choremaster was an odd duck single-wheel light-duty tractor that garnered some popularity in the Midwestern market in the late 1940s and early 1950s, but it faded from use by the 1960s. A 1…

Germany's Güldner-Motoren-Gesellschafft manufactured tens of thousands of tractors between 1938 and 1969, and Guldner tractors have become a favorite of tractor enthusiasts both in Europe and in…

Kia produced the subcompact Sephia four-door sedan and five-door hatchback under many names throughout its production run from 1992 to 2001. In addition to Sephia, Kia badged it the Mentor, Timor,…

The Yamaha YZ250 belonged to the YZ family of motocross motorcycles. It debuted in 1975 and was the first off-road bike with a single rear shock absorber. The innovation led to significant changes in…

The Grundig company of Germany produced various sorts of electronic equipment for several years. Established in 1945 in Nuremberg by Max Grundig, the company changed owners several times before…

Trendy cellphones have many small buttons and features that are too complicated and unnecessary for some users. The Jitterbug cellphone was created with senior citizens in mind. As a result, the…

Like the HMMWV and its Hummer civilian counterpart, the Tigr vehicle is manufactured by the Russian automaker GAZ in versions intended for use by both military and civilian markets. The GAZ-2975 is an…

Late night television watchers are probably familar with CyberDefender's well-advertised PC maintenance applications, including MyCleanPC and Registry Cleaner. From 2004 through 2011 the company…

Early automobile brakes consisted of steel bands that tightened around a drum installed on the rear axle. These brakes were a carryover from braking systems used on horse-driven carriages. As…

The Hall of Mirrors is one of the crown achievements of the Chateau de Versailles. First built as Louis XIII’s hunting lodge, the French palace was expanded by his son Louis XIV in 1682. He…

Harley-Davidson Motorcycles replaced its K model flathead motorcycle with the Harley Sportster in 1957. The Sportster owes its existence to the K series models, since it adopted many of its features.…

Flock is the name of a free Internet browser developed by Flock, Inc. Like other popular browsers, Flock supports a wide variety of add-ons, known as widgets, that add functionality to the browser. If…

In the early days of the Internet, many websites popped up, all trying to find a place in the new online world. Among these, a website known as Angelfire.com quietly opened as one of the very first…

The KSI Global Gaming Network is a league of Xbox Live gamers that went online in 2002. KSI members participate in matches and tournaments and promise to follow the KSI code of conduct: No…

Created in 1994 by typographic and visual arts expert Edward Benguiat, Edwardian Script ITC is an italic typeface designed to closely resemble the handwriting art form known as calligraphy. Owned by…

Hydraulic power relies on the capacity of liquid to provide the power necessary to accomplish mechanical tasks. Hydraulic power is used today in a huge variety of machines, ranging from the heavy…

The strut, also called the MacPherson strut, uses a coil spring and shock together, to function as independent suspension. Most coil springs are situated between the spindle and the top of the strut…

In many ways, the story of Chevrolet's evergreen small-block is the story not just of the American auto industry but of an entire generation. Conceived by hot-rodders, for hot-rodders, the small-block…

Oil shocks, also knows as hydraulic shock absorbers, use a cylinder or housing to confine a fluid, which is acted upon by either a rotary vane and lever -- the earliest form -- or a tube-confined…

Compaq traces its history back to the beginning of the Information Age boom in the early 1980s. Its line of Presario computers, which includes the C300 model, was there from the company's beginning.…

The Texas-based KS2 Technologies Inc. is a long-standing technology consultant firm and a partner of some of the world's most prominent tech companies. This organization, which traces its history back…

Chevrolet, ubiquitously referred to as Chevy, is a division of General Motors. Its 327-cubic-inch engine was a small-block V-8 engine that enjoyed some popularity through the 1960s and was an option…

VCRs for home use first entered the market in 1972, when Phillips introduced its model 1500. Since that time, numerous other electronics makers have sold various models of VCRs, keeping the market…

Google Chrome has a private browsing mode known as incognito mode. In this mode, Chrome does not remember history and automatically deletes temporary files and the cache, leaving no trace on the…

Mack Trucks began producing the Maxidyne diesel engine and the Maxitorque transmission in 1966 to meet the demands of modern long-haul driving and to provide a more economical performance. Mack was…

The Comanche tribe is made up of Native Americans who once inhabited the Great Plains in the 18th century but moved south to inhabit Oklahoma and Texas, where they still reside. One of the…

As of late 2011, Yahoo! Messenger stores all of your chat history online so you can access it anywhere there is an Internet connection. This is true of the Yahoo! Messenger stand-alone program as well…

The Suzuki RM250 was part of the racing model series of off-road bikes with engine displacements ranging from 50 cc to 400 cc. Suzuki produced the RM250 from 1975 to 2008 and it quickly became one of…

Despite its Anglo-sounding name, Shafford dishware was produced in Japan in the mid-1900s. Shafford pieces are not pottery; rather, they are marked as fine bone china. In the early 2000s, even though…

The name Yanmar may not sound familiar to American consumers, but the company's engines appear in many familiar products. Though Yanmar prominently established its diesel engines in the sailing vessel…

A charge-coupled device is an array of microscopic, light-sensitive semiconductors etched into an integrated circuit chip. It works by shifting packets of electric charge from one element to the next…

GPRS -- General Packet Radio Service -- was one of the first technologies for bringing wireless Internet to cell phones. GPRS gets its name because it uses packet switching to handle data efficiently.…

A Web browser retains certain data, called browser history. The browser history includes things such as links visited, data filled out in Web forms, Internet Protocol addresses of links, cookies and…

It’s normally a good practice to include the history or previous messages in an email exchange when you reply to provide context to the discussion. However, if you have an extended…

IPhoto is a digital photography manipulation application developed by Apple Inc. It is included in Apple’s iLife suite of digital life management applications, along with iMovie, iDVD,…

NET10 is a prepaid wireless service, meaning that it provides mobile phones for which users pay for talking time in advance. It is described as a Mobile virtual network operator, which makes it a…

Responding to a request for salary history is often difficult. Your response needs to be honest and accurate, but you do not want to divulge too much information that could hurt you during your…

Dating and appraising fine china often depends entirely on marks left by the manufacturer. An inappropriate mark for a particular period is a sure sign of a forgery, so it is important to understand…

History museum curators are caretakers of human knowledge. They oversee the acquisition, display and preservation of objects of historical value. They plan exhibits, speak to collectors and…

Short for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ASCII represents a 7-bit character code utilized by American computers that use English as a default language. ASCII consists of 128…

Paltalk is sometimes referred to as Paltalk Scene. It's an online chat service that allows people to communicate with each other via instant messaging, voice chatting and video conferencing. Building…

RocketMail was one of the first free webmail services, and initially a standalone brand. It's perhaps best known, however, as one of the three domain names held by U.S.-based Internet company Yahoo.…

Absolute monarchies are governments ruled by one person with unlimited power. Some monarchs are elected officials, but most are members of a royal family who often inherit the position from a family…

Pink is not commonly seen in gemstones, and no pink sapphire exists in nature. However, thanks to modern artificial gemstone growth techniques that have been developed over the last century, you can…

Sony Dream Machine -- or Dream Machine -- is a term used by Japan-based consumer electronics manufacturer Sony Corp. for its line of clock radios. The brand made its debut in 2009. At the time of…

If you regularly share your computer with other users or if you are simply concerned about your privacy, you might want to delete "index.dat" files from your machine. "Index.dat"…

Learning the history of the coffee can lithograph provides an interesting glimpse into the technological advances in post-industrial revolution manufacturing, the increased availability and…

The Logitech Pro 5000 is a product from Swiss computer accessories manufacturer Logitech International S.A. that belongs to the company's QuickCam brand of web cameras. It is part of the first…

CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. The history of CISC is closely tied with that of RISC, which is Reduced Instruction Set Computing. CISC is older than RISC, and the relative success…

While a salary history is not a regular, mandatory section on a resume, some employers request them in order to get an idea of the salary you will expect if they offer you a job. Some employers may…

The Smith & Wesson gun manufacturer has been in existence since the original company was founded in 1852. Their high-quality, durable weapons have appealed to gun enthusiasts and collectors for…

Television's history in the United States dates to 1927 when Philo Farnsworth, an American inventor, first demonstrated the all-electric television in San Francisco. Two year later, Vladimir Zworykin,…

Starting in 1896, Americans working in the field of vision began a quest to become recognized as an official profession. The formation of the Optical Society of the State of New York was the first of…

Although it's easy to imagine pioneer farmers planting their crops of wheat and corn, it's not so easy to envision the planting of potatoes. The development of mechanical potato planters allowed this…

Employers sometimes ask prospective employees to disclose a salary history during the job application process. This question can present some challenges for the prospective employee, and human…

The Venetian bridal tiara combines the princess-like elegance of a tiara with a long fabric train that matches or complements the bride's gown. While a popular choice for modern brides, the history of…

Netflix keeps track of every movie you view using their Instant Streaming service. Although there is no specific "Instant History" page, data from your viewing history is used to personalize…

Ginger snaps, also called ginger biscuits, are a type of cookie. The name comes from the fact that these cookies are traditionally very crispy and make a snapping sound when eaten. Ginger snaps are a…

Before making the four-hour drive from Indianapolis to Ann Arbor to see his beloved Michigan Wolverines play, Doug Dillon conducts an inventory of his tailgating trailer: two grills, a camp oven,…

Siebel Systems Inc., a software company founded by Thomas Siebel and Patricia House, was the dominant vendor of customer relationship management products in the late 1990s. It entered into a decline…

The Totally Tomatoes company, affiliated with the J.W. Jung Seed Company, was founded in 1907. The company originally sold seeds through catalogs. As of 2011, along with mail orders, J.W. Jung Seed…

Since 2004, Pandora has been one of the most popular Internet radio services for music listeners. The company launched as a publicly traded company in 2011 to raise the billions needed to keep the…

Suncatchers are stained-glass artwork designed to hang in a sunny spot. They make a fun craft for children. They make an interesting collection. Suncatchers are everything from a decoration to a…

Polka dots have oft been considered one of fashion's most fanciful patterns -- a playful fabric print for the young and young-at-heart alike. The term "polka dot" was first spotted in American…

The word, "Anglican," means "of England." The Anglican Church became the official name of the Church of England. Today, the Anglican Church is a worldwide Christian religious organization that…

The township of Pequannock, N.J., is 35 miles west of New York City. The town's name stems from the language of the Lenni-Lenape Native American tribe that occupied the land before European settlers…

Ondo is an Ayleid ruin in the "Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion" game. Ayleid Ruins appear across all parts of Cyrodiil, the Oblivion game location, and the Ondo ruin is located in the Nibenay Basin, one of…

"World of Warcraft" is a 2004 massively multiplayer online role-playing game set in the world of Azeroth, home to many kinds of men for thousands of years. With the 2010 release of "Cataclysm,"…

The LastPass password manager contains a password history feature. When you change a website's password in your LastPass vault, LastPass remembers the website's previous password so you can view it…

The Baba Nyonya culture is found in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. The people are descendants of Chinese traders who arrived in the Indonesian archipelago during the 15th and 16th centuries, and…

Picasa is a program that helps you manage and organize your digital photos. Its name is a play on the name of Pablo Picasso. It blends "mi casa" with "pic" to give a personal feel to the photo program…

General Motors launched OnStar, which includes navigation, hands-free calling and a remote diagnostics system, in 1996. The system is available on most GM and Saab vehicles. The navigation system…

Emerson Records and Phonograph Co. exists today as Emerson Radio Corp. with its headquarters in Parsippany, N.J. The company, which started in 1915, was known for its external horn phonographs and its…

Whether it's to check up on what the kids have been doing with your phone or to access some long-ago lost application, you have several good reason to access your Android's system history. By…

The national language of the country of Denmark, Danish is also common across parts of Germany and Iceland. Evolved from the North Germanic family of languages, it shared many similarities with the…

Roaches---also known as cockroaches---have existed on Earth for millions of years, and their earliest ancestors date from over 300 million years ago. Despite their notorious reputation for being able…

Even though dogs have the same basic origins, each breed of dog has its own story for how it came to be what it is. The Papillon breed is one of the oldest breeds of dogs in recorded history. This…

There are two main kinds of campers and recreational vehicles: towable and motorized. A 5th wheel camper is one of the most popular towable campers. The distinguishing feature of 5th wheel campers…

The sturdy seafarer's scarf, with its wide ends and narrow center, is a staple in comfort bags made by the Seamen's Church Institute for over 100 years. The Seamen's Church Institute was founded in…

Falken Tire considers itself a maverick. The company maintains an in-house advertising department, as well as its own motor sports teams. The teams compete in American Le Mans Series, Professional…

William Crapo Durant, the founder of General Motors, and Louis Chevrolet started building Chevrolet cars in 1911. In 1913, Durant publicly introduced the Chevrolet bow-tie logo emblem. The 1913 Chevy…

Slackware is a Linux-based open source operating system initially released in July 1993. It's the creation of Patrick Volkerding, who needed an inexpensive LISP interpreter and adopted SLS Linux from…

ASD bonds stands for Anchorage school district bonds. On April 5, 2011, the Anchorage school district put three bond propositions on the ballot in its municipal elections -- Propositions 1, 2 and 3.…

The Kawasaki KX80 is a motorcycle designed for entry-level motocross competition. It was produced by Kawasaki from 1979 until 2000 and was replaced by the KX85 in 2001. This particular motorcycle was…

Shakespeare's War of the Roses cycle is the most famous example in English of dramatic history, the art of presenting historical events through narrative. Dramatic history is based on actual events,…

The Xerox photocopier is one of those products that became so successful, the name became the generic representation for all similar products. Originally introduced to the consumer market in the…

A popular plant often featured in gardens and hanging baskets, the petunia has evolved from a plant species originally found predominately in South America into the multiple varieties grown in…

Google Chat, known as "Gchat" in short, is Google's instant messaging server. You can access the service both from within your browser and from a separate IM program called Google Talk. Unless you…

Minolta manufactured cameras and camera lenses from 1928 until 2003, when it merged with Konica to form Konica Minolta. Konica Minolta left the camera and photo industry in 2006 and sold its remaining…

Today corset tops are associated with sexy, playful lingerie, but they have a much bigger history than their current status as pretty underwear. Historically, corsets were used to help women achieve…

A QR code (or quick response code) is a two-dimensional matrix barcode that is readable by a QR scanner and also most smartphones and webcams. The code is comprised of tiny black squares arranged in a…

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) refers to the use of cameras to transmit video images to a secured monitor. CCTV was first implemented in 1942 by Siemens AG, a worldwide technical conglomerate, for…

The Navajo call themselves Dine, which means "The People." Spanish explorers of the American Southwest in the 1600s named them Navajo. Much recognition has been given to the Navajo for their arts,…

Franka cameras were manufactured in the mid 20th century by Franka-Kamerawerk, one of the largest camera factories in the German state of Bavaria. The most iconic Franka cameras were the twin-format…

Infrared cameras use film or image sensors that are sensitive to infrared light. Infrared light bands are between 700 and 1,400 nanometers on the spectrum and are not visible to the human eye.…

Minitab is a powerful statistical software package that many engineers and statisticians consider vital for their work. Minitab is highly customizable and is often used for design of experiments,…

The braille typewriter dates to the late 19th century. Prior to the invention of the device, individuals who hoped to write in braille typically used print-cell writing frames or tablets, which helped…

If you are interested in a friend, family member or co-worker, you might have added him to your Facebook friends list. Once he has accepted your request, you can view all his status updates, posts,…

The name of Linus Torvalds is familiar to anyone involved in the open source software movement. Torvalds is the man behind the Linux operating system, an open source OS that rose from a hobby project…

If you are noticing unusual activity in your Yahoo! account, it might be the result of system changes you made to the account or that someone has gained unauthorized access to your account. If someone…

Narrowboats, also called Canal Boats, are leisure and tourism watercraft that ply England's man-made canals. However, from the dawn of the Industrial Revolution through the end of the 19th century,…

Makeup use began with ancient Egyptians around 4000 B.C., though it wasn't just women who wore it. Both men and women donned almond-shaped eyeliner and used skin care oils and perfumes to protect the…

The art of decoupage refers to decorating objects with glued colored paper cut outs to create special effects. Decoupage is not a modern art, as its roots can be traced back to the 12th century. The…

The Mosquito Magnet is a product developed to help homeowners rid their yards of mosquitoes without the use of toxic chemicals. Mosquitoes can ruin an evening spent outside of your home, whether you…

Water is one of the most feasible sources of renewable energy. In 2008, hydroelectric power represented 7 percent of the total consumption of electricity in the United States. In the entire world,…

The microcontroller was invented at Texas Instruments in the early 1970s, around the same time as the first microprocessor was being invented at Intel. Early microcontrollers were simply…

The origin of the Dalmatian is shrouded in uncertainty, with its nationality being attributed to more than a dozen locations, from Egypt to Dalmatia (present-day Croatia). Throughout history,…

iWork is Apple's office suite for the Mac. In many ways it is similar to Microsoft Office, and in fact replaces the Microsoft Office for Mac software used by many Mac users needing a spreadsheet, word…

Cablevision Systems Corp. is a telecommunications, entertainment and media company whose primary products include cable television, telephone, and high-speed Internet access. As of 2011, the company's…

Internet browsers generally keep a record of the sites a user browses, know as the history. Most browsers allow a user to retrieve the browsing history for several days. Favorites are chosen by a…

Wire fox terriers, also known as the broken-hair fox terriers, are an engaging breed. Favored as a family pet because of their energy, loyalty and friendliness, they were originally bred to hunt…

Apothecaries have been around since early civilization. The term became better known in the 1600s as people became more trained in making drugs and treating medical conditions. The tools they used…

Betamax was a VCR device produced and sold starting in 1975. It is now defunct. Beta was a rival technology to VHS. The two VCR standards were incompatible; Beta VCR cassettes did not play on VHS…

Lobbying is the practice of private and public organizations attempting to influence governmental legislation. Lobbying in its modern form is a fairly new development, beginning in the United States…

A menorah is a candelabrum with seven or nine branches. Menorahs have an important ceremonial role in the Jewish faith. The menorah symbolizes the burning bush that God used to speak to Moses.…

Limited pressed glassware was made in England and America in the late 1700s. However, pressed glassware wasn't mass produced in America until the mid 1800s. Matching sets of pressed glass for the…

Camcorders have come a long way since Ampex introduced the first one in 1963. With a separate TV monitor and a camera that weighed 100 pounds and cost $30,000, the Ampex VR-1500 was far from…

The Ludwig company started making drums in 1909, and through the latter 20th century has produced a wide variety of drum kits in wood, acrylic and other materials. The Ludwig Rockers drum kits…

The Declaration of Independence was a watershed moment not only for the fledgling American nation, but for political history in general. Heather Whipps in Live Science declared: "The Declaration of…

Windows Live Messenger keeps a history of all your instant message conversations if you have enabled it in the Options menu. It stores the log on your computer, rather than online, so you can open and…

The MIT Global Challenge competition, introduced in 2011, awards up to $25,000 per team for the most promising ideas to dismantle barriers to well-being. Forty-five teams, representing more than 120…

IBM's AIX UNIX operating system can force users to change their passwords at regular intervals. AIX can remember a user account's previous passwords, preventing the user from changing the password…

AT&T U-verse is a broadband wireless service that provides digital television, telephone and high-speed Internet service using fiber-optic technology. Customers can purchase services for just one of…

The study of volcanoes, known as volcanology, enables scientists to consider and explore potentially helpful or productive knowledge, or facts important to understanding these fiery mountains.…

Wintec Industries Inc., headquartered in Milpitas, California, is a privately held manufacturer of components for computers and other electronic devices. Wintec is a member of JEDEC, the standard…

The Information Interchange Model (IIM) was a model for data transfer, chiefly within or among news organizations. It was the result of a collaborative effort between the International Press…

Fifth grade is a common time to learn about native American or American Indian culture. The history of native Americans plays an important role in the history of the United States, and it is important…

Trigonometry is a computational aspect of geometry. Using angles and side lengths, trigonometry assists the mathematician in determining values for angles and sides of triangles. Using relationships…

The original 13 colonies along the East Coast were self-governing regions, mostly composed of independent farmers. However, they were, officially at least, loyal to the king of England. This changed…

Limestone offers countless applications. It is a very valuable resource often used for building materials in the construction industry. Limestone is an integral component in the manufacturing of items…

A trade deficit results when a country buys more than it sells to other countries. The trade deficit is typically measured as the current account balance, or the sum of the balances of the trade of…

Attractive and relevant bulletin boards are important in a presentation since visual sources provide a major portion of the brain's sensory input. With this in mind, an appealing bulletin board can…

Although it may seem strange, our solar system is believed to revolve around the center of the Milky Way galaxy at 568,000 mph. In addition, the galaxy itself is moving relative to other galaxies in…

Seismic waves are bursts of energy that travel through the earth's surface, water or air after earthquakes or explosions. Seismic waves are commonly used to determine the epicenter and severity of…

An abacus is a traditional and ancient tool used for calculating simple arithmetic. Abacuses are still found in elementary classrooms today. They consist of several dowels or rods that hold a number…

Lightning kills about 100 people per year in the U.S., according to a 2006 article in USA Today. But far more often, lightning strikes Earth without causing any death or destruction and can be a…

The designation of a tropical storm depends on the wind speed of a tropical cyclone. While they are sometimes called other names, these powerful storms are the last stage before becoming a…

The most effective teachers are those who take the time to get to know their students personally, as knowing their students has many benefits in the classroom. A good student-teacher relationship will…

In the late 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt ran a school in Leipzig, Germany, pioneering many ideas for the psychology discipline, one of which is voluntarism. Edward Titchener, one of Wundt's…

The symmetry of a graph is dictated by whether it is an even or odd function, or neither. You can usually make an educated guess about the nature of a function by looking at its graph. Even…

Fiberglass is an industrial fabric that is coated with fiberglass resin for strong bonding. The result is outstanding, semi-rigid material that is strong, waterproof and highly durable. While…

When you are in math class, you might be thinking that after you pass the test on that chapter, you'll never have to see those equations again. You might be surprised to find out that those equations…

An electron is a fundamental particle that carries a negative charge. Although the charge it carries is equal and opposite to that of another important particle, the proton, it has only 0.05% of a…

The need to extract stone and minerals from open or underground mines has been a concern of human civilization since the dawn of stone tools. As each age passed, new demands were made on miners and…

Colonial New York did not get its name until 1667 when the Dutch officially surrendered Fort Amsterdam to the British Empire and New York lost its former title of the New Netherland colony. Throughout…

The use of seismic studies is prevalent today for many purposes. Finding oil is just one of their multiple uses. A seismic wave is energy transmitted through rock that bounces back up to the surface.…

Geologists have categorized rocks into three different types. Igneous rocks are formed from magma or lava that is cooled to a solid. Metamorphic rocks are formed when other rocks of any type undergo…

A histogram provides a visual representation of numeric data, and allows you to quickly assess a large set of information without graphing every data point. By looking at the shape of a histogram, you…

Rolex is a Swiss company that makes wrist watches that are luxurious but also state-of-the-art and highly accurate. In 2007, Business Week magazine placed Rolex at number 71 on its annual list of the…

Baby carriages were once the exclusive domain of royalty and the rich. The earliest model was a cart designed to be pulled by a live animal to the delight of the pampered infant. But the carriages…

Make early human tools by following a few simple designs and using your own ingenuity. You can find most of the materials required by foraging in the woods, just as early humans did. Enjoy the…

Earthquakes generate seismic waves as they shift, bend and break the Earth's crust. Seismic waves are the reason for the shaking sensation felt in earthquakes. They carry the explosive energy from…

A good way to build your critical thinking skills is to write mini reports based on a text or a certain issue that you're passionate about. When preparing your report, you want to choose a topic…

The protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus are held together by the strong nuclear force, which overpowers the electromagnetic force that protons exert on each other. Atoms with low atomic numbers…

Thousands of species of bees exist, providing beneficial pollination for plants, crops and flowers. Bees collect and store pollen either on their bodies or legs. As a bee lands on a flower, the pollen…

Pocahontas is considered by many to be one of the most important woman of early American history. In the beginning of the 1600s, the Native American princess was credited with saving an English…

The first European metal astrolabe was produced in Lisbon in the 15th century, although the device was invented by the Greeks around 160 B.C. Mariners used the astrolabe to find their position at sea…

Insects form the most numerous class of living animals, including butterflies, beetles, grasshoppers, ants and honeybees. They feature an external skeleton made of chitin and articulate three pairs of…

Bowker Books in Print is an online database that collects and distributes information on printed books, including bibliographic information, cover images, tables of contents and author biographies. If…

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory describing movements of the Earth's lithosphere, or outermost shell. A convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary, is a region in the…

Industrialization is characterized by a move from an agrarian mode of living to one in which technological innovations is dominant. Admittedly, industrialization has numerous benefits that have…

Many professional journalists focus on a particular area, such as sports, entertainment, politics, economics or history, to better market their talents towards a specific niche. Journalists who focus…

National History Day is a program that allows students to learn about historical research. Each year a new theme is unveiled and participants complete research using both primary and secondary…

Fourth graders studying the history of America are typically introduced to the French and Indian War. This war, taking place before the War of Independence, ended the French influence in the new world…

The United States was the first non-European country to successfully industrialize, beginning at the end of the 18th century. Industrialization had profound effects on all aspects of life in America.…

The 1920s was a gilded era of high growth, glamor and a market crash to end the decade. The rapid expansion led to the nickname "The Roaring '20s." During that time, many new business prospered that…

Engineering involves the application of scientific and mathematical concepts to produce various items to benefit consumers and the field includes a variety of sub-areas such as biomedical engineering,…

Trigonometry is an area of mathematics that studies the relationship between the sides and angles of triangles. Many children in schools around the world are exposed to at least some amount of…

Many organizations maintain websites to provide the public with information. If you use an organizational website for information while writing a term paper, you need to cite the web page in a…

Trigonometry is a study of math whose origins date back to the ancient Egyptians. The principles of trigonometry deal mostly with the sides, angles and functions of triangles. The most common triangle…

The earth's surface was long thought to be composed of a single, solid crust. This belief did not begin to be seriously questioned until 1915, when Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental…

The French and Indian War was fought in North America between the British and an alliance of the French and Native Americans. This war was a part of the Seven Years War, which was being fought…

Mentoring is a highly personal, one-on-one relationship between master and apprentice. Its history is as ancient as mankind. The most important aspect of the background of mentoring is that it differs…

Computers did not suddenly appear in the late 20th century. They have been around since ancient times. We have used counting devices such as the abacus and the Salamis Tablet since 300 B.C. Blaine…

Coca-Cola is one of the most famous soda producers in the world. After 125 years in production, the drink has come to be more than just a refreshing beverage. Customers have used Coca-Cola for tasks…

The long hyphen, often referred to as an em dash, is used to offset phrases or thoughts -- as in this example -- in a sentence. In most word processing programs, the long hyphen is considered the same…

The French and Indian War was a period of fighting between the French and the British, with Native American allies on both sides. The war, which lasted from 1754 to 1763, actually became part of a…

Perhaps no other invention has had such a profound influence on human lives as the printing press. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 15th century and within ten years printing…

Jacques Derrida, the 20th century French literary theorist, pioneered the school of thought in literature and philosophy known as "deconstructionism." Deconstructionists were part of a larger…

The Catechism has ancient Christian roots and a rich tradition of scripture, prayer, interpretation and Roman Catholic Church doctrine. Teaching Catechism classes can seem like a daunting task, but…

The French and Indian War, which took place from 1754 to 1763, may be a completely unfamiliar topic to fifth-grade students when they begin to study it. They may not have heard of many of the major…

Tsunamis fall under the category of seismic ocean waves. They are also referred to as tidal waves, but this is not an accurate term, since tsunamis have nothing to do with tides. Seismic ocean waves…

While many negative events can be associated with the transcontinental railroad, especially with regard to how immigrant labor was treated, the railroad became a strong positive influence. In fact,…

Radio in the 1920s was the average citizen's window on the world, an old-school combination of the present-day Twitter and Internet service. The Chicago Radio Show, a research project at the…

Hurricane season begins May 15 in the Eastern Pacific region and June 1 in the Atlantic. There are four levels of tropical storms. A tropical disturbance is an organized weather system normally 100 to…

Before New York was a state, it was one of the 13 original colonies. Founded by the Dutch in 1628, when it was called "New Netherland," the colony of New York eventually came under British rule.…

Scientists divide the Earth's atmosphere into four layers, based upon temperature and composition. The stratosphere is the second of these layers. There is little difference within the stratosphere in…

National History Day is an event put on at the regional, state and national level that emphasizes critical thinking through issues in history. Each year there is a different theme that all projects…

Neptune is one of the solar system's gas giants, meaning that it is composed entirely of gas. Its upper atmosphere, or surface is composed of three gases. Even though humans will never be able to…

In 1445 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. This invention forever changed the course of world history by increasing literacy, education and the production of books throughout Europe.…

The Earth's atmosphere is comprised of a number of layers that protect the planet from harmful solar radiation and help to retain heat, otherwise known as the "greenhouse effect." The stratosphere is…

Grasping the main idea in a story or paragraph is difficult for most students. Yet this is a concept they must be taught when learning strategies for reading comprehension. The main idea is what the…

Magnets have the power to attract and repulse magnetic substances and other magnets. This has made magnets highly useful in modern life, from hanging your kid's drawing on the refrigerator to…

Tropical storms vary in type and magnitude. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, these events include wind storms like cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons and tornadoes. They are…

The geological energy that travels outward during an earthquake moves via seismic waves. The two main types of seismic waves are body waves and surface waves. As their name suggests, surface waves…

No-hitters are a rare phenomenon in professional baseball, and even rarer in the postseason. Only two no-hitters have ever been thrown in Major League Baseball postseason play, while two more were…

The 16th century, a time of great change in Western culture, ran from 1500 to 1599. Society was slowly transitioning from a feudal to a growing capitalist economy. The 16th century also marks the…

The solar system contains four gas giants, which include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They were given this name due to the enormous amount of gases they contain in their mass. These "four…

Light dispels darkness and color represents life. Students exploring the world of light and color will discover new principles and learn to mix and depict colors. Light and color are vital visual…

You only need to reference a product in an essay if you are referring to information about it from a published source. Publications about Coca-Cola could include textual sources, like a newspaper…

Ametrine is a bicolored gemstone composed of citrine and amethyst that is naturally mined and synthetically produced for use in jewelry and ornaments. It was first introduced to Europe from the…

Gas giants are planets that are almost entirely composed of gas rather than being composed of rock and other solid substances. At their center, gas giants have a core composed of rock, ice or such…

The settling of the Frontier or Old West was from the 1820s to the early 1900s. Blacks who moved to the Frontier West had limitations placed on their educational opportunities. Over time freed slaves…

In Christianity, "catechism" is simply a word that encompasses Christian religious instruction. Crafts that emphasize the principles of Christian instruction may include scripture memorization or how…

Numbers and symbols on paper can sometimes remain a mystery to youngsters until they are given a practical application. Math activities involving monetary exchange or measurements relevant to a task,…

All life forms on Earth have adapted to a variety of local conditions, from the most abundant to the most inhospitable ecosystems. The sheer variety of organisms and life processes on Earth makes it…

Manufacturing is the organized use of tools and labor to make goods for sale. Manufacturing in England during the 15th and 16th centuries revolved around guilds. Guilds were an integral part of the…

Reform schools were introduced in the United States after it was realized that children who were incarcerated with adult prisoners often emerged from prison without being rehabilitated. The term…

Sedimentary rocks are created when rock particles interact with water. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the sediments on the bottom of bodies of water, such as lakes, streams and oceans. Sedimentary…

The French and Indian War (1754-1763) took place in what is now the northern section of the United States and southern Canada. It was fought between the British and French, and is so named because the…

Magnets attract iron or steel due to their magnetic fields. The ability to attract iron and steel makes magnets useful for everything from holding a note on the refrigerator to picking up cars and…

The atmosphere around the Earth is made up of several different layers. The layers closest to the Earth are the Troposphere and the Stratosphere. Because of their locations, they are the ones that…

A master's degree can considerably advance your career outlook. According to a survey conducted by the UK's Higher Education Careers Service Unit in 2007, postgraduates with a master's degree have a…

Programs in volcanology train and prepare students to fulfill successful careers studying volcanoes, performing site investigations, analyzing the deposits of volcanic eruptions, conducting scientific…

Writing a research paper can be a difficult process. You must find sources from a variety of books and academic publications and answer a topic or question based on this information. In writing a…

America's 13 colonies, stretching from New Hampshire to Georgia, provide much of the early history of the United States. New York's location made it central to the success of early America. Its…

Mobile payments are one of the technological hallmarks of the 21st century. More and more players are entering this attractive market and there has been notable growth. As a result of the many…

Craftsman, or Arts & Crafts, lighting can be a stylish addition to your home's decor. The movement is based on simple, honest design with a focus on beauty, utility and craftsmanship utilizing…

The history of economic thought is an illuminating way to study the history of nations since economic theories reflect and analyze social structures and their changes over time. Modern economic…

Reform schools for boys are set up with the sole purpose of helping at-risk youth overcome the various issues troubling them, including but not limited to defiance of authority, anger management and…

An ambulance with its sirens blasting sounds quietest as it approaches from a distance and loudest at the point it passes you. It then fades as it drives away. This difference in sound at each…

On an April morning in 1754, George Washington led 132 men from Alexandria, Virginia. They were on a mission to drive the French out of the upper Ohio Valley. They settled, temporarily, in a fort on…

Sustain student interest by examining the topic of bridges through a variety of lenses. Create an entire unit studying bridges using different learning strategies to approach the topic as well as a…

Deciding where to send your child to school is tough decision for any parent. There are a whole host of factors to consider. There is the quality of education available, the logistics, the child's…

Reform schools are for students who have behaved as delinquents. Boarding schools are schools where students live with fellow students and teachers. These schools can have both on-campus students and…

Some children find themselves disengaging from learning in the classroom when they are unable to follow what is happening. While it is important for a teacher to make math understandable, you can also…

The French and Indian War was fought between 1754 and 1763, when the British faced a combined army of Native Americans and the French for control of the eastern portion of North America. The battles…

Amelia Earhart was a celebrated female pilot who set and broke many records during her flying career. She was the first female to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, and three years later, in 1935,…

Suspension bridges look light, airy and symmetrical, but suspension bridges traverse great distances and are expensive to build. Since they hang from long, sturdy cables anchored at each end of the…

Topographical maps present cartographic information in three dimensions. In addition to distances, topo maps give striation lines illustrating the elevation and altitudes of the geographic features of…

Throughout their academic careers, students study math on a number of levels. Young students study addition and subtraction, while the most advanced students study calculus and geometry. If you are…

The Middle Ages was a time of great discovery, political turmoil and darkness in Europe. The historical record of much of that period is incomplete so a work of art which is essentially a documentary…

Timelines are a very useful learning tool. They can be written or illustrated, can document any event and will keep children's attention much easier than a book or document. They are also useful for…

Africa has both some of the longest continuous histories and the shortest. Africa is a diverse continent which ranges from new states like Malawi to ancient empires such as Egypt and Carthage. It is…

Neutron activation analysis is a sensitive, accurate means of quantifying a sample's trace element concentrations. The sample, which could be anything from a piece of metal to a work of art, is…

BlinkX is a popular Internet site that hosts videos from all corners of the Web. Some viewers wish to keep the content viewed on BlinkX hidden from other users on the same computer, primarily for…

Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas on July 24, 1897. She was the first woman to do many things involving aircraft. She died shortly before her 40th birthday, on July 2, 1937, according to NNDB. Mae…

While surfing the Web you may come across information that you would like to reference later, so you bookmark it and save it to your favorite files. With time, the favorite files get disorganized and…

Underoos were a popular item at the time of their release and remain popular today. The children's undergarments found a great niche to offer fun underwear to children, drawing them in with images of…

Some species of animals have the ability of crossbreeding, producing a hybrid, which is different from their normal offspring. This phenomenon is more common between animals with genetic similarities,…

Sometimes you need to cover your tracks on the Internet, whether you are keeping a secret or trying to save something as a surprise. If you need to do this, you can view your Internet history within…

When people talk about a wave and a depression, they're most likely referring to hurricanes. Most hurricanes start out as tropical waves, for example. They may then become tropical depressions or…

Mathematics enhances critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. It provides provides perspective on real-life events. Trigonometry is an area of mathematics that probes the property of…

When it comes to taxonomy, preachers and professors don't always see eye to eye. When most people think of taxonomy, they think of the biological practice of classifying and grouping organisms.…

Transient heat transfer simply involves the process of an object and its environment reaching the same temperature. If you have a bowl of hot soup and you put an ice cube in it to cool it down, heat…

Essentially, an interleaved 2 of 5 barcode is a barcode -- a series of lines of varying width that can be read by an optical scanner -- used to encode pairs of numbers. Every two digits are combined,…

Hurricanes, tropical storms and tropical depressions are all commonly known as tropical cyclones. A tropical depression is the weakest of the three, but a depression may strengthen into a tropical…

The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to the 19th century, is a major event in American history that marked the beginning of America as a world superpower. The Industrial…

SUNY Fredonia, home to over 5,000 undergraduate students is a college of choice for many New Yorkers, as well as those from other parts of the world. On average, over 6000 fall freshman applications…

The history of flight dates back to ancient times when the Chinese experimented with kites as a way to predict the weather. The concept of flight developed over thousands of years, advancing to the…

Calculating seismic load is a very complicated process that involves a great deal of math in order to calculate. Fortunately there is a very useful seismic load calculator already out there for which…

The nursing profession has undergone revolutionary changes since the inception of the American nation. Prior to the Civil War, nursing was largely viewed as an innate skill that could not be taught.…

The Yamaha Corp. is famous worldwide for sports and recreational vehicles, including motorcycles. Yamaha originally started out as a piano manufacturing company, and its expertise with metal alloys…

The browser history button allows you to view a record of accessed Web resources on a system. This means you can determine the date, time and location of the document a user on a computer retrieved.…

Your Internet address history consists of the temporary Internet files stored each time you visit a website. The history stores small pieces of information regarding URL sites, log ins, Web pages…

Today's students live in a technology-centered world and old ways of teaching don't always meet their needs. The SMART Board encourages interactive learning in the classroom, and teachers can create…

The A Beka curriculum consists of educational material produced by the A Beka Book publishing company. Located in Pensacola, Florida, it is associated with the Pensacola Christian Academy.

In many classrooms, the dusty and low-tech chalkboard has been replaced by a sleek and highly interactive Smart Board. Through the use of a Smart Board, teachers create technology-rich lessons,…

Invisible waves exist all around us. Certain environmental conditions can change how they behave. Temperature, a unit of measurement in molecules of kinetic energy, is one such factor that can affect…

When a balloon is filled with a gas that is lighter than air, it will rise through the air, if the total weight of the balloon and everything attached to it is less than the weight of the air it…

SMART Boards are a popular brand of interactive whiteboards, which are becoming increasingly common in classrooms. Scholastic reports that as of June 2009 one in five American teachers had an…

Dogpile is a metasearch engine that allows you to search for content, including images and videos, from leading search engines such as Google, Yahoo! and Bing. When you search for content using the…

The Virginia Colony, Jamestown, is a significant chapter in American history because it was the first permanent European settlement in the New World. Founded in 1607 and named after England's King…

A landslide is a mostly dry mass of earth and rock that slides downward. This geologic phenomenon has happened throughout history and around the globe. Landslides give little warning and leave massive…

The original classification of living organisms was developed by the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle who lived from 384 to 322 B.C. Aristotle based his classification system on two…

Curriculum development in nursing education is a means to arrange, employ and assess learning opportunities. Nursing curriculum is built on philosophical foundations and is generally structured to…

The Chicago Police Department boasts a long and prestigious history, starting as far back as the 1830s. The CPD predates Chicago as a city and remains one of the oldest police forces still in…

For third graders, learning about U.S. history starts with the basics. The basics begin with learning about the interaction between Native Americans and Europeans upon their arrival in the New World.…

Eris, a dwarf planet recently discovered by a research team led by Michael Brown from California Institute of Technology, is similar to Pluto in size and mass. Armed with that information, scientists…

Archives are noncurrent records of individuals, groups, institutions or governments. Such records--stored in diverse media that include manuscripts, photos, films, sound recordings and computer…

Linq C# is a combination of Linq and C#. This combination eliminates the problems between databases and program languages. Linq C# is a high-level query language similar to SQL, but it provides a…

As an old company of long standing, Smith & Wesson provides quality gun products and accessories to a large customer base. Smith & Wesson is an American company that continues to be an industry leader…

The Seaboard Air Line Railroad is a network of railroads built to transport travelers along the eastern seaboard. The railway operation has been in business in some form and under different names…

Baltimore was founded on Aug. 8, 1729. Since its inception, Baltimore has been the site for many events that will interest serious historians as well as tourists who visit the city for recreation.

England founded Jamestown in 1607. It became the first permanent settlement in America. This original colony beat the Pilgrims' colonization by 13 years. All of the experiences of the early…

Architectural history courses can be the backbone of many different types of architectural degree programs. Architectural history courses provide perspective on how the great architecture of the past…

Covered bridges were built to span waterways and make travel possible across counties and countries. The bridges were covered, not so a couple could steal a kiss, but to protect the trusses and insure…

The basics of algebra focus on the function, a general term that has come to have precise, mathematical meanings. Throughout the centuries, mathematicians have explored the idea of the function and…

Topography is an element of map making dating back thousands of years. Topography is the mapping of elevations, shapes and other geographical features of the land using contour lines, relief shading…

The U.S. Postal Service developed the Postal Numeric Encoding Technique (POSTNET) to insert delivery address information into a barcode. The three forms of coding include a five-digit zip code, a zip…

The windlass was commonly used throughout the world in mining operations before the invention of motorized lifts. This device was used to haul people, ore and equipment up and down mine shafts.

Faceting a gem requires knowledge of a gem's physical properties and of light so that its natural attractiveness is fully realized. The science of faceting gems stretches back millennia and continues…

Rigid knives originated as tools for hunting and butchering animals for food and skins, as well as defense against predators and enemy tribes, according to MadeHow.com. Humans used softer material for…

Ametrine, a dual colored purple and yellow gem, is a naturally occurring rare variety of quartz that is also synthetically produced, and is sometimes treated to bring out its colors. Various meanings…

Books on the history of economics range from readable introductions for curious readers with no background in the field, to highly specific and highly technical works for advanced students. Start with…

Tufts University was founded in 1852 after the school's benefactor, Charles Tufts, donated land in Medford, Mass., to the Universalist Church, which desired to build a college there. Thus was…

The Cord Automobile was a short lived car that, for its time, was viewed as a masterpiece of automotive engineering. It was a car of great innovation and firsts and set standards for future car…

The Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum is dedicated to telling the story of the history of Texas. Located in the state's capital, Austin, the Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum features…

Intake memos are used by law firms and clinics as an initial summary of a potential client's case. They are taught as part of legal writing courses in law schools and for paralegal training. The…

The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines hydraulics as "a branch of science that deals primarily with practical applications of liquid in motion." This science has played a crucial role in the…

Symbols, such as letters, are used in math as shorthand to represent quantities or express processes. One such symbol looks like a capitol E but is actually sigma, the 18th letter of the Greek…

History software is readily available for kids of all ages and learning abilities. The key is finding the program that best fits your price range and lesson plans.

Today, giving presentations is even easier because of advances in technology. The document camera aids in presenting information, video conferencing, displaying documents in courtrooms or highlighting…

Finding people these days sometimes presents certain challenges. Given the vast amount of resources available to the public, it can be difficult to navigate the proverbial "maze." When you find…

Badminton's history begins in India, where the British army discovered it and brought it back to Britain. Learn more about the history of badminton from a badminton coach in this free video on…

Bar code scanners are a modern technology commonly found in stores. They are used to collect the data of an individual product to ease the handling of inventory, price information and reordering.

Frontier towns were guarded by a garrison and soldiers. Beyond these demarcations, protection was not established by the king. According to Jackson Turner in his publication "The First Official…

The United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing produces and distributes all paper currency in the country. According to their own statistics, they produced approximately 26 million currency notes…

History can be an exciting field of study and can lead to rewarding careers. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that number of jobs in the field of social science will increase by 22 percent by…

Analog computers, unlike their digital counterparts, measure computations in completely analog ways. While a digital computer uses binary, the language of ones and zeroes to display digital…

Applications of medical sonography or ultrasound are commonplace in today’s medical setting, especially in obstetrics and gynecology. Most parents-to-be have seen and likely have copies of…

According to the United States Postal Service (USPS), the government organization delivered more than 177 billion pieces of mail in 2009. On average, it processes 405,000 pieces every minute and…

In the third of fourth grade, children begin studying science in earnest, learning well established facts and, possibly, performing experiments that apply the scientific method. Rarely do children get…

The banking industry has enjoyed tremendous success in the application of high-end information systems and technologies. Technological advances have reshaped the size and nature of the financial…

One of the basic needs of man is to gather food. Since food exists in the water, man has been trying to harvest it for centuries. Spearfishing was one way even early man was able to capture his…

Killer bees are hybrids of African and European honeybees. The scientific name for a killer bee is Apis mellifera scutellata, but it is also known as an Africanized honeybee (AHB), an Africanized bee…

Stock represents investment in a company. A person who buys stock, known as a shareholder, holds legal ownership of a set percentage in the company, and has a vested interest in business matters.…

Damask is a reversible fabric with a rich history. Legend has it that damask was created in Damascus, Syria. However, Chinese emperors were wearing damask fabric as early as the fifth century.…

You can find almost anything these days, especially given the many resources available online. It is difficult for anyone to function these days “off the grid.” If someone, for example,…

Tapestries are heavy, handwoven, reversible textiles that often bear complicated pictorial designs. These weavings are often used for wall hangings, rugs, and curtains. Tapestery weaving as an art has…

The roots of current nursing curriculum, according to Sarah Keating in "Curriculum Development and Evaluation in Nursing," are entwined with the development of nursing as a distinct occupation focused…

There is a very large number of math symbols, such as the percent symbol, which was first developed in the 15th century. Learn about the history of the pi symbol with help from a math teacher in this…

Dice are very old and have been made from bones, by soothsayers or witch doctors, as a forecasting device. Learn about the history of dice and the origin of the phrase, "roll them bones," with tips…

The Linotype machine revolutionized printing and enabled newspapers to more efficiently offer the news to the masses. Before the the creation of the Linotype, which is short for "Line of type,"…

Weathervanes, and lightening rods adorn the rooftops of many houses. These decorations have practical uses as well as adding a quaint touch of art. Both devices must be attached to elevated portions…

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is the standardized test by which the English-language skills of non-native speakers are evaluated. The test is required by most colleges and some…

Learning about someone is usually more complicated than a simple chat over coffee. Due to the advent of criminal databases and criminal tracking mechanisms, locating anyone's arrest record without…

Often overlooked by visitors who travel to the area to see the more famous Banaue Rice Terraces, Baguio’s Crystal Cave sadly no longer boasts the remarkable crystals it was named after. Not far…

Although human civilization (defined as a combination of spoken language and community organization) is believed to be almost 50,000 years old, global trade has only existed for less than 1,000 years.…

A radial arm saw is a piece of construction equipment that is designed with a saw blade that is used to cut through materials like wood. They are similar to circular saws except that they cut downward…

Wood engraving is the art of cutting figures on wood. These engravings are then used to press the image on paper or some other surface with ink or stain. Wood engraving as an art, both fine and…

The Obando folk dance is an ancient Filipino dance ritual to ask for fertility. The dance is performed every year in May as part of the Obando Town Feista and Fertility Festival. Participants in the…

When applying to schools and for jobs, international students and businesspeople must often take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) to prove their proficiency. The test has been around…

A spectrophotometer is an instrument that compares the intensity of light from a regulated or standard source with that of the intensity of wavelengths in a particular spectrum of light. In other…

Couplets are paired lines that usually rhyme, it is common for groups of couplets to be combined to make up stanzas in poetry. The couplet has held its place of importance for centuries, appearing…

The violin is one of the most widely used string instruments and is a key part of orchestras around the world. It has played an important role in music for hundreds of years. Although it is the…

The function of a microscope is to enlarge the visual image of small objects (a telescope, on the other hand, is enlarges the image of distant objects). More specifically, microscopes enlarge the…

The corrugated cardboard box was invented by American Robert Gair in 1890. He precut a flat piece of manufactured bulk corrugated cardboard into a template to fold a box. The invention was an…

Ellis island historically was a key entry point for immigrants to the United States. The island situated off the coast of the New York mainland was useful as an immigration screening station. Before…

Knowing your own history, or the history of your culture, is important because it helps us to know who we are while molding the future. Being familiar with what went on before gives us the ability to…

Today carousels are everywhere. We see them at every theme park, local fair and mall. But these lightweight fiberglass rides are only a reflection of the craftsmanship and artistry of the wooden…

Sails were an early invention of mankind and have been moving ships since ancient times. In the beginning sails were traditionally made of cloth or papyrus; and secured to the mast on a ship to catch…

Herbariums are plant specimens that are dried, mounted, collected and displayed so that their colors and forms are preserved for study. The most common practice of preservation uses a plant press,…

China is the term loosely applied to porcelain ware pieces. Generally, these items are table ware and decorative ware. The name china was applied to these items for two reasons: because China is their…

Graduation gowns are ceremonial symbols of academic achievement in modern society. Students graduating from almost every university and high school in the United States wear gowns to their graduation…

Magnetism is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which one object attracts another. Man has been using magnetism in navigation for hundreds of years. The electromagnet then came after the discovery of…

William Barton Rogers founded the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) after years of working with the Massachusetts government to get funding and political support for the creation of a…

Many colleges and universities across the country offer Ph.D. programs in history, and each provides a unique experience. Typically, graduate students complete about 10 survey courses before taking an…

Prescription is a technical and formal term in the discipline of epistemology, or the science of how humanity knows things. It is also important in the philosophy of science. Among other things, it is…

Teaching English as a second language began in England when English started to become recognized as the international language. As of May 2010, according to the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL),…

Early history on earthquakes is spotty and unreliable. Greek and Roman scholars often wrote about such events, but those writings were incomplete and often contradictory. Before 1775, European…

Although digital mammography is fairly new, breast screening has been done for over 40 years. In recent years, women have become better informed about the importance of having regular mammogram…

Flowering plants and insects often exist in mutually beneficial relationships. We are familiar with the idea that insects such as honey bees are essential to plants' reproductive processes, but there…

GCSE history is not just about kings, battles and dates. It teaches students to analyze documents, compare conflicting statements and determine the facts from potentially unreliable sources. The uses…

Virginia History Day is an annual competition for students in grades six through 12 to celebrate Virginia state history in conjunction with National History Day, according to the official Colonial…

New York University is a private, nonsectarian research university that was founded in 1831. The school has grown and evolved in its more than 175 years of history, and it continues to rank highly…

The University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) is a public research institution in Arkansas' capital. The metropolitan campus sits on 150 acres of land and includes six colleges and a school of law.…

SSNs, or Social Security numbers, were created during the New Deal and were first issued in 1936, according to U.S. Social Security Administration. The Social Security Board had no way to distribute…

Color theory applies to both the physical and psychological properties of color. They can change the way you feel. So use them to draw attention, set a mood, or make a statement. Reds can raise…

Consumer financing is an industry based on lending money to those who lack the credit rating to gain access to financing from major bank. These institutions typically charge consumers higher interest…

The biotechnology industry employs restriction enzymes to map DNA as well as cut and splice it for use in genetic engineering. Found in bacteria, a restriction enzyme recognizes and attaches to a…

The Royal Navy, as it is known in 2010, was actually called the British Navy for several hundred years. Established in the 9th century AD, the British Navy changed its name to the Royal Navy in 1660…

Derived from cellulose fibers of plants, paper was initially made from flax or the same material used for linen cloth. In the early days, linen rags were recycled as paper. Paper is also one of the…

Figuring out the relative worth of an historical source is crucial in interpreting history. Historical sources range from biography to anecdote to scrupulously detailed historical accounts. In the…

The term "saddle" refers to any seat put on the back of an animal for the purpose of riding, though those used for ponies and horses are the most commonly associated with the word. Horses were ridden…

Accounting software has changed throughout history. Some computerized systems and software of historical importance include Ada's original computing machine, the IBM 9Pac, Peachtree software, and…

Oceanology, also known as oceanography, is the study of the ocean as a geographical feature. Oceanology includes the study of marine biology, the ocean floor and its defining features, ocean currents,…

If you're a history buff, you can turn a love for history into a live re-enactment. With a few materials and some preparation, you can accurately re-enact some of history's greatest moments. Whether…

Historically, scientists have reformed the classification of living things as new discoveries have been made. As these explorers discovered new living organisms, their classification system, known as…

Although often referred to in the same breath, there are distinct and marked differences between anthropology and history. Specifically, anthropology is the study of human beings and their behavior.…

While many companies may hire people with any four-year degree, many history-related businesses will only accept applicants with experience in a historic subject. If you graduate with a Bachelor of…

While earthworms move away from bright white light, they ignore reddish light and are attracted to dim light. "The advent of evening calls (earthworms) forth from their burrows," notes Frank E.…

The British Board of Trade developed the International Code of Standards in 1857. These standards, which utilized codes and flag signals as a form of maritime communication, eventually became a…

Satellites in orbit can detect large clouds of dust in the Earth's stratosphere. These clouds of ash can deteriorate the earth's ozone layer, and scientists hypothesize that such dust particles caused…

Fort Detrick, Maryland started as a 92-acre municipal airport which was leased to the United States government on August 1, 1929. Named for Dr. Frederick Detrick, a well-respected flight surgeon, the…

Exploring the work of academic historians can be a stimulating process. The opinions of academic historians sometimes diverge widely from popular history and their interests usually differ. University…

Throughout their history, gliders have fascinated people who wished they could fly or to see things from a bird's perspective. They have been used by the military, civilians, scientists and lots of…

Argon is one of the chemical elements found in the periodic table. It is categorized as a noble gas. Argon is the third most common and abundant gas found in Earth's atmosphere (0.93 percent). Argon…

Large-print books are unabridged editions of standard print books. The trick for publishers is to render the text in a larger font size while keeping the resulting volume small enough for readers to…

There are three types of dashes or lines used in writing. Each differs in usage yet serves a particular purpose in sentence structure that cannot be ignored.

A Platonic solid is a solid three-dimensional object whose faces are congruent regular polygons, or all the same size and shape. There are five Platonic solids, the most well-known example being the…

The words "mokume" and "gane" translate into "wood eye" and "metal." This describes the appearance of metal that has been shaped using the a metal working technique that began hundreds of years ago.

Understanding the history of the San Andreas Fault zone is vital to creating a clear picture of the geological history of California. By studying the fault zone, seismologists can determine earthquake…

Persian rugs (also called Persian carpets), are handmade knotted rugs created in the Near East, primarily from Iran. Dating back 2,500 years, the definition of Persian rug includes a variety of shapes…

The Wabash Valley Seismic Zone has produced earthquakes for the past 20,000 years, with some registering 7.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. Seismologists believe that the Wabash Valley fault dates…

Grasshoppers are members of the order orthoptera, which also includes crickets and katydids. These insects share long back legs for jumping, hardened forewings and scraping teeth on the back legs.…

Modern books written about Medieval Europe can be found in any library or general bookstore, but actual books and documents written during the Middle Ages are harder to locate. Fortunately, many of…

Sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash, is produced from briny water and mined trona. The sodium carbonate industry is known as the alkali industry. Sodium carbonate is used in glass-making, and as…

Throughout history, society has struggled with how to treat people with developmental disabilities. The path that started at fear and ridicule has progressed to education and inclusion.

Combination locks have existed for centuries, but it was not until the 1800s that major advancements in this technology were made. Now, combination locks can be purchased at any hardware store or mass…

More than 40,000 Hindus live on the island of Trinidad in the southern Caribbean Sea. Immigrating to this lush tropical location during the British colonial rule of India in the mid-19th century,…

Over the years, the Galapagos Islands have revealed themselves to be a perfect natural laboratory for Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution, particularly when it comes to tracking natural selection in…

Graduate certifications are an economical and fast way to continue one's education. They are also a great way for degree holders to add a credential to their expertise or to facilitate a change in…

Catechism refers to a book containing the principals of a Christian religion, usually in question and answer format.

People have experimented with color since prehistoric times. However, society did not properly understand how colors "worked" until Isaac Newton proved that colors come from white light. Color theory…

Photosynthesis is a biological process by which energy contained within light is converted into chemical energy of bonds between atoms that power processes within cells. It emerged roughly 3.5 billion…

The use of motion detectors goes back to ancient societies that developed agriculture. Modern motion detection of people and things can be traced back to the early decades of the 20th century, with…

The Palace at Versailles is an impressive, 1,300-room chateau located twelve miles outside of Paris. From the reign of Louis XIV until the French Revolution, Versailles was where French kings lived.…

The A Beka Book curriculum is a Christian-based line of textbooks and teacher resources that use God's Word for the foundation of all subjects. The curriculum is easy to follow and can be used in both…

The great Roman orators learned rhetoric from the Greeks before developing their own style. Rhetoric became less important after the fall of the Republic in 27 B.C., when the rise of emperors weakened…

Scientists have been dating fossils and rocks for more than 100 years. They use two similar methods with names that often confuse people. The process of radiocarbon dating was invented shortly after…

Africa has a rich and complex history. When teaching African history to elementary students it is important to teach to their understanding level. In elementary school the focus will be more on…

Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun and the outermost known planet in our solar system, given Pluto's disputed status. The planet is mostly ocean, which is appropriate because it was named after…

A battery is a transportable energy source. The earliest battery was a wet cell, and technological advances created the portable dry cell battery. Both battery types have the same three basic…

Cesium (Cs) is a chemical element that has the atomic number 55. It's a soft, silver-gold metal that melts at 83 degrees Fahrenheit and is most well-known for its use in atomic clocks.

Technology is advancing at an extremely fast pace when it comes to computers, calculators, game consoles and the like. Things like calculating mathematical expressions weren't always as easy as they…

Have you ever wondered how scientists can claim the age of the earth and other very old materials. Ironically, it is with the properties of radioactive materials that we associate with danger that we…

Fairmont is in southeastern Minnesota, near its border with Iowa. The "City of Lakes," Fairmont got its official start in 1857. Today, its five lakes and other charms beckon travelers who need a break…

A mass spectrometer is a device or instrument used to analyze and measure the elemental composition of molecules. With its roots in the mid-19th century, the practice of mass spectrometry arose out of…

One of the most famous female aviators, Amelia Earhart flew to fame with a multitude of speed and distance flight records that caught the attention of the world. While her legacy would have endured…

A lot of people find the weather fascinating, but there are times when the weather can also be dangerous--or at least when it has the potential to become dangerous. Lightning, tornadoes, floods, and…

Salmonella typhimurium is one of the two species of bacteria in the Salmonella genus that are primarily responsible for salmonella poisoning. Salmonellosis is the most common type of food poisoning in…

Technological developments are changing the world, including education. Moving on from textbooks and encyclopedias, there is an increase in podcasts being used for educational purposes. The ease of…

A mobile library is any kind of vehicle that takes books and other library items to people. This vehicle could be anything from a railroad car to an automobile to the canvas bags a volunteer uses to…

Irish food has a reputation for being laden with carbohydrates and fatty meats. There are not only many traditional dishes that won't expand your waste line; however, there are alternatives that can…

For the student who loves history and conducting historical research, a doctorate in the discipline can be a challenging, but rewarding, experience. Doctoral programs require many long hours reading…

SMART Technologies developed the SMART Board, which is an interactive whiteboard and has been in vogue since 1991. The SMART Board is a pioneer in the interactive whiteboard technology that offers…

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, about 795,000 strokes occur in the United States each year. Although most stroke victims are over the age of 65, brain attacks, as they are…

Tempered glass and annealed glass are different in composition and applications. Tempered glass is the more popular but there are many uses for simple annealed glass. Tempered glass is valued for its…

The power and volatility of volcanoes have mystified man since the beginning of time. The drive to understand volcanoes led to the scientific field of volcanology. Volcanology is the study of…

Interlaken is a town in Switzerland situated between two lakes, Thun to the west and Brienz to the east. This beautiful town has attracted people for hundreds of years and is one of the oldest tourist…

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the sides and the angles of triangles, the calculations based on the angles of triangles and the solid figures derived from them. It is used in…

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is one of the world's most recognizable structures. Each year, millions of visitors travel to the city of Pisa in central Italy to marvel at the Leaning Tower and take the…

Digital printing presses have changed the printing world by making fast, high-quality printing possible. The history of digital printing is very short compared with that of printing overall because…

The modern Head Start program began as part of the "war on poverty" President Lyndon B. Johnson declared in his January 1964 State of the Union address. In July 1964, Congress passed the Economic…

With a relatively short operating season from May to mid-October, Darien Lake, New York, is a destination resort that attracts more than its share of visitors every year. Whether you enjoy thrill…

Along with the proton and the electron, the neutron is one of the three particles that were believed to have been the building blocks of matter until the discovery of the quark in 1968. They are the…

October 23rd is Mole Day, an unofficial holiday celebrated by chemists from 6:02 a.m. to 6:02 p.m. The goal of Mole Day has always been to encourage interest in chemistry, especially among students.…

September 8 is not one of those dates in history that stand out in memory like July 4 or Sept. 11, but it features several dramatic turning points in American history and two international tragedies…

The bachelor's degree in history is an exciting and diverse degree that allows you to work within your particular period of historical interest. Many history majors work as curators, researchers and…

Wind vanes, also known as weather vanes, have a long history stretching from ancient Athens through ninth century Vikings and into the present day. Often depicting animals, wind vanes can have any…

Held every year in College Park, Maryland, National History Day is a contest in which students create projects and are awarded prizes based on their merit and research. While the University of…

Radcliffe College has long been one of the most-esteemed institutions of higher learning for women. Indeed, the seed of its conception was planted under the long shadow of Harvard University as women…

There were several attempts made with the thought of a car, as we know it, long before the advent of Henry Ford and the Model T. These cars were for one reason or another all wrong and it was…

The history of manufacturing begins with the word itself, to manufacture, meaning to make by hand. It spans the cottage industry of individual artisans and ends with today's mass production for mass…

National History Day is a celebration of United States history and an effort to improve history education in America's schools. The culminating event of this celebration involves a competition, held…

The WASL is the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, which is a test to measure students' ability to meet the state's academic standards. This set of academic tests was created in response to…

The use of the medical symbol stems thousands of years. It has two representations. One is the staff of Asclepius, and the other, the caduceus of Hermes. Medical organizations have adopted the…

The study of electricity required the ability to store the object of study. As a result, batteries developed initially as a way of creating electricity both for study and as part of other experiments.…

SUNY Fredonia, part of New York's vast state university system, is located near the shores of Lake Erie in the northwestern city of Fredonia. The university offers programs of study for both…

At times, everybody has difficulty concentrating, sitting still and resisting the urge to play. However, for millions of people, the syndrome that has come to be called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity…

Luckily, the Grove Park Inn was too expensive to tear down after World War II. The historic resort in the mountains of Asheville, N.C., is now one of the world's best spa hotels and included on the…

Hooked on Phonics has been around for more than 20 years and most of us have heard the catchphrase "Hooked on Phonics worked for me!" But how did it all get started?

Transient heat transfer analysis affects many aspects of our lives although we rarely notice it. From how our thermostat works to the price of a pair of mittens or how fast water boils, principles of…

The Harvard Extension is a branch of Harvard University, a prestigious Ivy League educational institution located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Students may choose from a number of liberal arts degree…

The art of making glass originated in 2500 B.C, emerging in Mesopotamia as a means to make jewelry.

Suspension bridges have been used for thousands of years as a means to cross rivers, canyons and gorges by every society in the world.

Lawrence University is a private college in Appleton, Wisconsin, that originally began with funding from the Methodist Church but no longer bears any religious affiliation. The school opened in 1849…

Historically, windmills were used to do work. The spinning blades would harness the force of the wind and use it to turn a millstone, which would grind grains. Nowadays, however, this practice is…

The University of California, Santa Cruz is one of three schools added to the University of California system in the 1960s to accommodate the baby-boomer generation. During the past 50 years, the…

The Red Lion Inn in western Massachusetts was opened in 1773 and has been operating continuously ever since. It was the center of Shays' Rebellion and has hosted five presidents.

Merck is an American-based international pharmaceutical company that focuses on innovative research and consumer education. Throughout the company's history, which spans almost 350 years, Merck has…

History usually starts way back at the beginning and then relates developmental events to the present so you can understand how you got to where you are. With mathematics, in this case exponents, it…

Located on the Right Bank in the 1st arrondissement. It lies adjacent to the Tuileries Gardens, created in 1564 by Catherine de Medici. The gardens house the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, a…

Even though molds and fungi have been used since ancient times, it wasn't until the mid-1900s that scientists isolated the specific strain of penicillium that is used today for mass production. The…

Since ancient times, willow bark has been used in teas to relieve pain, fever and to reduce inflammation. Modern science has isolated the element that provides that healing boost--salicylic acid, also…

Without trees, the quality of most land ecosystems perishes. J. Sterling Morton, upon his arrival as a settler of Nebraska's prairie, recognized this and set forth to plant trees. He and his wife…

Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is an essential book for students writing papers. Abridged from the Chicago Manual of Style, Turabian offers two forms of…

Letter grades were first used in the United States in the last part of the 19th century. Both colleges and high schools began replacing other forms of assessment with letter and percentage grades in…

In recent years, Subway may best be known for Jared, the advertising face of Subway who lost a great deal of weight, it is said, by eating healthy at Subway Sandwich Shops. In fact, Subway and Jared…

We should always be wary of "isms," especially in reference to movements or schools of thought. Intellectual trends in the history of critical thought are invariably more complicated than any one term…

Gaius Octavius was born in 63 BC to a rather aristocratic family. History knows him as Octavian first and he later is better known as Augustus Caesar. He is the great-nephew of Julius Caesar, who…

Chimney sweeps are often associated with England, particularly the Victorian period. Our popular collective perception of chimney sweeps compares favorably with Dick Van Dyke's portrayal of Burt the…

Industrial safety in the United States as we know it today did not begin to take shape until the early 20th century. Before that, many risked their lives daily going to work in industrial settings…

Saturn is the second-largest planet in the solar system and the sixth planet from the sun. It has large rings surrounding the planet along with 60 moons, its largest one is Titan. You can see Saturn…

The aircraft carrier is a symbol of the might and flexibility of many navies, including the United States Navy. A carrier is large and complex, and the ship fulfills a vital role in projecting…

Cadbury chocolate has a long history. Despite its world-renowned presence in the chocolate confection business, Cadbury remains a prominent part of the economy in Birmingham where the company first…

The prostate is a gland in men that is about the size of a walnut. It lies below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The tube that takes urine out of the body (urethra) goes through the prostate…

Ghana is a country located on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea. Its history stretches back to at least the first millennium when sub-Saharan Africans began to establish farms and…

The General Electric Company has a fascinating and rich history. It dates back to the1800s and is filled with some of this country's most interesting people. From its earliest beginnings in the mind…

The route by way of water through the Arctic Ocean north of Canada that connects the Atlantic to the Pacific is called the Northwest Passage. The Northwest Passage was sought for centuries after…

The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were born in Ohio and Indiana, respectively. They both attended high school, but neither brother graduated. They developed a fascination with flying after…

The history of Hershey milk chocolate candy cannot be told without the history of its founder, Milton Hershey. He did not come from a history of wealth or chocolate but rather from a difficult and…

Hershey Kisses are small, distinctively shaped chocolate candies that are individually wrapped in foil. Hershey Kisses have been manufactured almost continuously since 1907 and have changed little in…

Sometimes simply called tumbling, floor gymnastics relies on a gymnast's poise, strength, flexibility and grace. Its history can be traced from ancient Greece through the present.

The British fort William Henry had a brief yet colorful history in the mid-1700s. The fort's turbulent tale was portrayed in James Fenimore Cooper's classic "The Last of the Mohicans." According to…

The history of the foot patrol in Chicago, Illinois, during the 1920s and 1930s is elaborate and filled with controversy. Much of this has to do with the widespread organized crime that was prevalent…

Man has been obsessed with time-keeping since the earliest societies. Sundials that broke the day down into equal increments were discovered in Egypt dating back to 1300 BC. This ancient civilization…

Latex balloons have become a fixture at birthday parties and celebrations. Modern balloons can be made from a number of materials, but latex continues to dominate the market. These joyful decorations…

The Fairmont Miramar is a landmark hotel located in Santa Monica, California. It sits high atop the bluffs that overlook the pristine Pacific Ocean. This hotel has a very rich history that contributes…

Millions of children in the United States learned to read from what came to be called the McGuffey Readers, a series of textbooks created by William Holmes McGuffey. McGuffey was a minister who…

A bulletproof vest is designed to blunt the impact from bullets and shrapnel from explosions. The vest is made from a mesh of layered fibers or laminated fibers. Bulletproof vests only provide…

Body painting has been a key aspect to many tribes around the world to illustrate the individual's social standing within the community. Understand the various types of body painting rituals with…

The insulated coffee mug was developed in the late 1800s by Del Mar to keep liquids cold or hot while traveling. Understand the development of this portable device with answers from an experienced…

Kinesiology is used as a science to understand the movement of the body, as well as a healing treatment. Find out how kinesiology is used with answers from an experienced teacher in this free video on…

Roller coasters originated as ice slides in northern Europe, but the southern countries began to experiment with wooden tracks, rails and cars. Find out how roller coasters came to be with answers…

The Burt Reynolds Museum in Orlando, Florida was built in 1999 to preserve the contributions that Mr. Reynolds had on the film industry. Learn about the history of the Burt Reynolds Museum with this…

The history of Orlando's Well's Built Museum includes being built in 1926, being a hotel for African Americans during segregation and being next to a casino where stars like Ella Fitzgerald and…

The history of Pascal's triangle has little to do with Pascal himself. Learn the history of pascal's triangle with tips from a mathematics instructor in this free video on math history.

The history of math symbols stems from Ancient Roman and Greek culture. Learn about math symbols with tips from a mathematics instructor in this free video on math history.

A hygrometer measures humidity in the air. There are more elaborate hygrometers, as well as devices called psychrometers, available for measuring humidity, but the most common and simplest hygrometer…

A history box is a three-dimensional, tactile way of bringing history to life for your students. Typically, it is a box filled with items that might have been commonplace in a certain period of time.…

The time line of math history is extensive, as geometry has been found to exist in ancient cultures. Learn about the Babylonians use of math, as well as that of other cultures, with help from a math…

The history of Pascal's triangle begins with the Indians and the Persians who first started working on this pattern of numbers, and it developed through China in the 13th century hundreds of years…

Histograms are used to show numerical information in graphic form. They usually follow a bar-graph format. When the results of a study or a survey are transferred into graphic form, it makes it easier…

Peer review has become a bedrock institution in science and academia. It is normal for a paper or publication that has not undergone this process to be viewed skeptically at best within its expert…

The electron is a subatomic particle that is known to carry a negative charge. Along with protons and neutrons, these particles make up atoms. The interplay between electrons outside the nucleus of…

Computers are a part of everyday life and are almost ubiquitous in the sciences, business and in schools. Still, this commonplace item has very long roots stretching back to the middle of the…

Sedimentary rocks are one of the three basic types of rocks along with igneous and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks form from broken pieces of other rocks, from minerals, or from the remains of…

Red giants are stars at the end of their life cycle. Stars begin as balls of energy, burning with radiance. As the millennium progress, and the materials at the core of the star burns up, the color…

Michigan's state stone is the Petoskey stone, which is actually a rock and a fossil. It is fossilized coral, to be precise. You can find them on the beaches around the towns of Petoskey and…

In 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the Union. Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the mid 1500s, the region was occupied by ancestors of various Native American tribes. Between 1830 and…

Living history days are often some of the fondest memories for elementary aged children. It requires coordination of volunteers, supplies, children and teaching staff. It's not overly complicated, but…

A timeline using historical events surrounding a known food like apples is interesting and a good way to memorize events in history. Apples were a food or fruit that were part of American and…

Finding your credit history report is convenient when it comes to the Internet. You can also get access to your credit report via more traditional routes, such as in person or via mail. Thanks to the…

When writing a research paper for a history class, it is important to take notes in the most constructive way. Many students find that using note cards for their notes greatly increases their ability…

To pass AP (advanced placement) history and to do well on the AP history exam will require a lot of work. Nevertheless, with some hard work, dedication and planning, you can pass AP history.

A Ph.D. degree in history prepares you to teach university-level courses or work in a variety of jobs related to politics and culture. People who pursue this degree often have a strong interest in…

The academic job market for historians is fiercely competitive as the number of qualified applicants far outweighs the number of available positions. Financial cutbacks for the social sciences forced…