Wikipedia
Hijab
A hijab or (, ), as commonly understood in the English-speaking world, is the type of head covering traditionally worn by Muslim women, but can also refer to modest Muslim styles of dress in general. The Arabic word literally means curtain or cover (noun), based on the root حجب meaning "to cover, to veil, to shelter". Most Islamic legal systems define this type of modest dressing as covering everything except the face and hands in public.Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2008."Glasse, Cyril 2001, p.179-180">Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, 2001, p.179-180 According to Islamic scholarship, hijab is given the wider meaning of modesty, privacy, and morality;"dict">Esposito (2003), p. 112 the word for a headscarf or veil used in the Koran is khimār () and not hijab. Still another definition is metaphysical, where al-hijab "refers to the veil which separates man or the world from God.""Glasse, Cyril 2001, p.179-180"/>
Since the 1970s, hijab has emerged as a symbol of Islamic consciousness. Muslims differ as to how "hijab dress" should be enforced, particularly over the role of religious police that are enforcing hijab in Iran and Saudi Arabia.
Etymology and meaning
According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, the meaning of hijab has evolved over time:
In Saudi Arabia, where women have been ordered to be "properly covered" outside their homes, some wear not only head-to-toe black cloaks but also full veils over their faces without even slits for their eyes.
In Indonesia, notably the nation with the largest Muslim population, and some cultures or languages influenced by it namely Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, the term jilbab is used instead with few exceptions to refer to the hijab, as opposed to its "correct" modern Arabic definition. In some cases, colloquial use of the term Jilbab may refer to any pre-Islamic female traditional head-dress.
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